Management volunteer roles

The Global Health Reform Initiative Foundation (GHRI) is a non-profit organization working to make healthcare accessible, affordable, and equitable for underserved communities worldwide. We are currently seeking passionate Volunteer Grant Writers and Volunteer Administration Officers to join our remote team.

Volunteer Grant Writers Responsibilities:

Research and identify grant opportunities.

Draft and submit compelling proposals.

Support fundraising and partnership efforts. Requirements:

Minimum 1+ year of experience in grant writing. Strong writing and research skills.

Attention to detail and ability to work independently.

Passion for humanitarian and healthcare-focused initiatives.

Volunteer Administration Officers Responsibilities:

Contact hospitals and healthcare systems for partnerships.

Manage communication (calls, emails, messaging).

Assist with scheduling, documentation, and follow-ups.

Requirements:

Good communication and organizational skills. Ability to work independently and remotely. Interest in healthcare and community development.

What We Offer Flexible, remote volunteering. Opportunity to contribute to global healthcare reform.

Valuable experience in non-profit work and partnerships.

How to Apply: Send your CV and a short statement of interest to our email address stating the role you’re applying for. Join GHRI today—your skills can help save lives and expand healthcare access!

CPRE Buckinghamshire (part of CPRE – The Countryside Charity) is looking for a Trustee with a background, or strong interest, in the local farming community. This Trustee will take the lead in our campaign to support sustainable farming and agricultural practices, and will help us to partner with relevant groups, with the aim of enhancing and protecting Buckinghamshire’s wildlife and countryside. 

This volunteer role would suit someone living or studying in Buckinghamshire who would like to be involved in campaigning and sharing their expertise with other Trustees, volunteers and members of CPRE.

You will ideally have experience of, or a deep interest in, sustainable farming, and agricultural practices that ensure food production without compromising the environment or future generations' ability to meet their needs. Your expertise will help us to demonstrate how farming today can focus on reducing its impact on ecosystems, can promote biodiversity, and can minimise energy use.

As a Trustee, you will also be part of our small and collaborative Trustee board. You will help to deliver our strategy, vision and mission, and guide the future direction of CPRE Buckinghamshire. Along with the other Trustees, you will ensure that the charity has the necessary policies and resources, complies with legal requirements, and adheres to its governing document. 

This is a volunteer team that typically works remotely, though some occasional face-to-face meetings may occur when needed – we will pay expenses in these instances. We estimate that the commitment would be around 2–3 hours a week, but you can of course do more if you wish!

We welcome applicants of any age, gender and background. Students who are studying (or have studied) relevant courses are also welcome to apply.

We’re looking for a communications-minded creator to lead Europia’s external newsletter (every two months) and coordinate content for the Annual Report. You’ll gather information, quotes and photography from staff, volunteers, partners and funders; shape it into clear, engaging content; and help present Europia’s impact in an accessible, on-brand way.

Key Responsibilities

• Bi-monthly newsletter: Plan, draft, edit and build the external newsletter in Mailchimp (headlines, copy, visuals, links).

• Annual Report coordination: Run a quarterly content cycle for the 2025–26 Annual Report - collect updates, data, quotes and photos; draft sections; support layout/visuals.

• Content gathering: Proactively seek photos and quotes from staff, volunteers, partners and funders (with consent/attribution and basic accessibility).

• Design & layout: Use Canva (and Mailchimp templates) to create consistent, on-brand assets for newsletters and report pages.

• Quality & accessibility: Proofread, check links, follow brand guidelines (tone, fonts, colours), and apply accessibility best practice.

• Light analytics: Track opens/clicks and note simple insights to improve future editions.

• Collaboration: Liaise across teams and with external stakeholders to schedule inputs/approvals; maintain a tidy content tracker and deadlines.

Qualifications & Skills

• Strong written English with excellent editing/proofing and attention to detail.

• Ability to design and edit newsletters in Mailchimp and create assets in Canva.

• Interest in design and a passion for written communications.

• Ability to research/review external annual reports to benchmark and inspire an impactful Europia report (desirable).

• Highly organised, self-motivated, confident coordinating multiple contributors.

• Clear, professional communication with internal and external stakeholders.

Time Commitment

• Around 10 hours per month.

• Minimum check-in every two weeks (fortnightly) for planning and approvals.

Benefits

• Create high-visibility pieces that showcase Europia’s work and impact.

• Build a portfolio across email publishing and impact reporting.

• Supportive team, references, and travel expense coverage for agreed in-person activity.

• A flexible, meaningful role that suits full-time students, people in work, or full-time homemakers, connecting you with a wide range of partners and stakeholders.

• Training provided (platforms, brand, accessibility, approvals) plus regular supervision and templates to get you started.

Our amazing team of vibrant & diverse volunteers helps us run over 500 shops. Our stores sell lots of great donated & new goods to help raise vital funds to make a real difference to disadvantaged children, young people and families across the UK.

Our retail stores are the face of our charity on the high-street and in local communities. We have loads of amazing stock donated to us every week, and this all needs to be sorted, tagged and put on the shop-floor for sale!

Making sure our shops look fantastic is another task you can get involved with. You may also be required to help out on the till too, but we will show you how that works during your time volunteering with us. We value the contribution of everyone who supports Barnardo’s.

You will be a friendly face of Barnardo’s by volunteering in one of our shops. It would be great if you could volunteer one shift a week (or even more if you want) but we’re always happy to be flexible to work around your availability.

Why we want you

Our amazing team of vibrant & diverse volunteers helps us run over 700 stores. Our stores sell lots of great donated and new goods to help raise vital funds to make a real difference to disadvantaged children, young people and families across the UK.

What you will be doing

• Work on the till processing sales and returns
• Prepare stock, including sorting, steaming and pricing
• Create stylish window displays
• Replenish stock on the shop floor
• Stock-take and other administrative tasks

The skills you need

• Friendly and helpful
• Happy to be part of an amazing team of staff and volunteers
• Enthusiastic about the work of Barnardo’s
• Flexible and willing to do a variety of the shop tasks

What's in it for you

• Have fun and meet new people
• Develop skills for your CV including confidence, teamwork and problem solving
• Make a difference to the lives of children, young people and their families
• Learning and development opportunities through our Volunteer Academy which includes access to Level 2 Qualifications and other accredited courses
• Full training and experience of working in retail as a volunteer

Disclaimer

We look to recruit a diverse range of volunteers. If your skills don't fit the above, please do not let this put you off as we are able to be flexible with most of our roles. If you are unable to apply online through the link on this page, please visit your local store for a paper application form or contact the Barnardo's Volunteering Team on our website.

Location:

Unit 6 Warwickshire Shopping Park, Kynner Way, Coventry, West Midlands, CV3 2TA, United Kingdom

Minimum age: 14 

Please note: we only accept applications from those residing in the UK

Here’s 5 reasons you’ll love to volunteer in our shops:

1. It's fun

2. It's flexible

3. You'll learn and share skills

4. You'll be making a difference

5. You'll work with a great team

We’re passionate about what we do, and love giving second-hand clothing a chance of going to a good home. Our shop teams are key to raising vital funds for our work and act as incredible advocates for the rights of children both in the UK and around the world.

Please note that this is a voluntary, unpaid role, based in the UK. We are unfortunately not able to provide support with visa requests. 

Volunteering in the shop

The Clapham shop is a modern, contemporary and urban street store, unlike any other charity shop you've ever seen - full of vintage treasures, gorgeous greenery and creativity!

Our Clapham Shop Volunteers are in the middle of it all, and there’s plenty to get involved with. You might be sorting and pricing stock, engaging with customers, ringing items through the till, creating fantastic window displays or keeping our shop floor looking organised.

It’s up to you how much you commit. We have volunteers who support for a couple of hours a week and some do more. Many people volunteer either a morning or an afternoon each week - this is something that will be discussed at the selection stage, after you’ve applied.

Why volunteer with Save the Children?

In over 110 countries, we support children to transform their lives. By providing live-saving short-term help, and pushing for deep-rooted social change, we help children take, their future into their own hands. We believe every child has the right to learn. Every child should have good food to fuel their bodies and every child should have medicine when they're sick.

Skills and experiences we seek

We welcome applications from people with a wide range of skills and experiences. You don’t need any retail or shop experience as full training will be provided. What’s important to us is that you are a team player, open to learning and to follow our policies as well as be an excellent representative for Save the Children. 

We know that our shop teams are stronger when they are inclusive and representative of their communities. Everybody can make a real difference. People come to us for all sorts of reasons, from all backgrounds, and we will do what we can to find a role that works for you.

What happens next?

After you’ve filled in an application, we will invite you for an informal trial shift. It’s a great opportunity to visit the shop, meet some of our existing volunteers and have a go at some of the tasks that you would be supporting with as a shop volunteer. Hopefully allowing you to get a feel for the role and make sure it’s for you. We also ask for a couple of references (these don’t have to be formal workplace ones, just someone who has known you for over 6 months and isn’t related). 

How to apply

Express your interest on email via the apply button. 

Please note that this is a voluntary, unpaid role, based in the UK. We are unfortunately not able to provide support with visa requests. 

Our vision for volunteering

Volunteering is and always will be at the heart of Cats Protection. It is joyful and inclusive. As a charity, working in partnership, together we transform the lives of cats, people and communities.

The difference you will make to cats and people

As a charity we can continue to help cats and kittens in need thanks to the donations we receive at fundraising events from generous members of the public. Our fundraising event helpers have the exciting and varied role of helping at local fundraising events - such as cakes sales, barn dances, quiz nights – and everything in between!

You can expect us to

• make you feel welcome, included and respected in line with our values and behaviours
• support you in having a positive and impactful experience at Cats Protection
• cover agreed out-of-pocket expenses in line with our Expenses Policy
• provide you with access to learning, development and engagement opportunities

What we need from you

You’ll be:

• help set up and/or man stalls at events
• help on collection days like supermarket collections events or street collections
• help at fundraising events such as quiz nights, cake sales and dances
• promoting a professional image of Cats Protection at events

Time expectation

This role is really flexible! You could choose to volunteer at one event for a couple of hours or attend multiple fundraising events.

We’ll keep you up to date with upcoming local events where volunteers are needed. You’ll then be able to choose which events you’d like to volunteer at and how many hours you’d like to give. However much time you can give, your contribution will help raise much needed funds to continue the work of Cats Protection.

You may be just the volunteer we’ve been looking for!

We're here to support cats and kittens in North Birmingham, covering postcodes: B18, B19, B20, B21, B23, B24, B34, B35, B36, B42, B43, B44, B6, B7, B72, B73, B74, B75, B76, B8

We are committed to building a diverse, compassionate and inclusive organisation where everyone can be themselves and do their best. We are courageous and compassionate in our purpose of helping people see the world through cats’ eyes. Together, we can make a difference. Together, we are all for cats. Join the UK’s leading cat welfare charity and help make a better life for cats, because life is better with cats.

The Brompton Fountain is a children's charity working with those impacted by heart and lung conditions in Royal Brompton and Harefield hospital. Our charity provides a wide range of vital resources, services, parent/carer amenities, and accommodation. We also fund medical equipment, facilities improvements and projects outside of the NHS remit. We are currently looking for a voluntary In-Patient Services Officer to help our organisation support the children and their families on the wards of our hospitals by distributing/providing resources/services to improve the quality of their stay in our hospitals.

Of Note: This role entails interacting and seeing children who can be very sick. This is understandably very sad and can be distressing to witness. Please make sure you are able to cope with this before applying.

We would like the volunteer to help with:

• Distribution of resources to patients and families on the ward e.g care packages and food vouchers.

• Being a point of contact for families in hospital to talk to.

• Supporting in-hospital socials.

• The tea and coffee service we deliver on the wards.

• Communicating with families who may share personal stories related to the charity. Feeling comfortable and confident to speak to people about our charity and what we do.

You will be supporting our Community Lead and Children and Families Service Lead who will provide an overview of our existing processes and be there to help you every step of the way. The Brompton Fountain has a strong team of staff and volunteers who you will be working collaboratively with as a team to support the families we are in contact with.

Your input will greatly affect the patients and their families lives whilst they are staying with us. With your help we will be able to provide them with the resources they need whilst staying with us and create a strong support system for them here in the hospitals.

Criteria

We are looking for a volunteer who has:

• Is an empathetic and compassionate person who is willing to have discussions with families around topics like health issues, additional needs, and bereavement.

• Confident and proactive.

• Flexible and adaptive.

• Understands the resource constraints of a small charity and is able to work with these.

• Is willing to have an enhanced DBS check.

• Is willing to partake in safeguarding training.

• Is willing to partake in onboarding training to understand our charity and the mission in more detail.

• Must be over 18.

Location

Mostly on-site at Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, London SW3 6NP. If willing and able, off-site support at community and fundraising events would be appreciated. 

Time

Due to our mission, we would greatly appreciate at least 6 weeks of your time, preferably more; working 3-7 hours one day a week. We are an understanding and flexible organisation, and would be happy to discuss options with you. 

Role title: Community Fundraising Volunteer

Location: Scotland

Time commitment: Flexible (at least 2-3 hrs a month)

What we're looking for

We're looking for enthusiastic, creative and organised people across the nation to be a Community Fundraising Volunteer. Around 90 per cent of our income comes from our supporters and we couldn't continue doing what we do without them. That means, our community fundraising volunteers play a really important part in rallying people together to raise vital funds which help to protect children and prevent abuse.

What you'll do

You'll volunteer without regular time commitments, ‘as and when' volunteering! Engage with the public, organisations and local communities – promoting a positive image of the NSPCC! You'll be a valued part of one of our Volunteer Community Fundraising Teams across the UK, raising awareness and funds. We appreciate that work, family and friends come first and, with that in mind, this role offers flexibility to fit in with your lifestyle. You only need to commit to a couple of hours a month, but if you want to do more that would be great.

What you'll get

We'll support you with advice, skills and tools to help you fundraise and spread the word of the NSPCC. You'll learn more about how you're helping to protect children across the UK, and you'll have the opportunity to grow your skills and inspire others to support us. It's also a chance to spend time with like-minded people and make new friends.

Who's right for the role?

While we think this role is suitable for a whole range of people, we are particularly looking for those with the following qualities and experiences.

• Passionate about helping young people and children
• Enthusiastic and personable
• Strong organisational skills
• Able to think on your feet
• You work well within a team
• Great communication and social skills

We are currently unable to accept applications from under 18's to this role, please view our other volunteering opportunities.

Interested in getting involved? Volunteer today and join our fight for every childhood. 

Helping in our shops is a great way to help CHAS and, as well as helping us raise money to fund our vital services, you'll be part of a really great team of volunteers. You'll be meeting new people, using your skills or learning something new, and making sure our customers get a great welcome and all the assistance they need.

It's always great to see our volunteers chatting to customers and telling them about CHAS - and there's so much more to this role too: you could be sorting donations, getting stock ready for the shop floor, wielding a steamer or a duster, processing Gift Aid, operating the till (we will show you how), merchandising and displaying stock - you'll never have a dull moment.

It would be ideal if you could volunteer one shift each week, which is about four hours (but we're also happy to chat about more flexible times). No special skills are needed as we’ll show you what to do and we provide all the training you’ll need. But if you have any experience or particular interest please tell us, it may come in useful. It’s really easy to get your volunteering started.

Why we want you

As a Charity Shop Volunteer, you will play an important role in helping raise vital funds to support children with life-shortening conditions and their families. There's never a dull moment in our shops and in Dunfermline you'll be working in a busy team, both in the stock room - sorting and preparing stock - and on our shop floors, providing great customer service.

What you will be doing

• Welcoming and assisting customers and serving at them at the till
• Replenishing the stock on the shop floor
• Merchandising and displaying stock
• Accepting, sorting and preparing donations for sale
• Housekeeping on the shop floor and in the stock room

The skills you need

• A real aptitude for team working
• Good communication skills and attention to detail
• A good understanding of what makes excellent customer service
• The ability to represent CHAS enthusiastically and appropriately

What's in it for you

• Getting involved in your local community and making a difference to CHAS families
• Meeting new people
• Making the most of your existing skills or possibly learning some new ones too (maybe adding to your CV)
• Full training and on-going and support. Plus a range of accredited online courses if you're interested in personal development.

Here’s 5 reasons you’ll love to volunteer in our shops:

1. It's fun

2. It's flexible

3. You'll learn and share skills

4. You'll be making a difference

5. You'll work with a great team

We’re passionate about what we do, and love giving second-hand clothing a chance of going to a good home. Our shop teams are key to raising vital funds for our work and act as incredible advocates for the rights of children both in the UK and around the world.

Please note that this is a voluntary, unpaid role, based in the UK. We are unfortunately not able to provide support with visa requests.

Volunteering in the shop

The Chester Shop is a beautiful community hub with two floors of creativity and vintage treasures!

Our Chester Shop Volunteers are in the middle of it all, and there’s plenty to get involved with. You might be sorting and pricing stock, engaging with customers, ringing items through the till, creating fantastic window displays or keeping our shop floor looking organised.

It’s up to you how much you commit. We have volunteers who support for a couple of hours a week and some do more. Many people volunteer either a morning or an afternoon each week - this is something that will be discussed at the selection stage, after you’ve applied.

Why volunteer with Save the Children?

In over 110 countries, we support children to transform their lives. By providing live-saving short-term help, and pushing for deep-rooted social change, we help children take, their future into their own hands. We believe every child has the right to learn. Every child should have good food to fuel their bodies and every child should have medicine when they're sick.

Skills and experiences we seek

We welcome applications from people with a wide range of skills and experiences. You don’t need any retail or shop experience as full training will be provided. What’s important to us is that you are a team player, open to learning and to follow our policies as well as be an excellent representative for Save the Children.

We know that our shop teams are stronger when they are inclusive and representative of their communities. Everybody can make a real difference. People come to us for all sorts of reasons, from all backgrounds, and we will do what we can to find a role that works for you.

What happens next?

After you’ve filled in an application, we will invite you for an informal trial shift. It’s a great opportunity to visit the shop, meet some of our existing volunteers and have a go at some of the tasks that you would be supporting with as a shop volunteer. Hopefully allowing you to get a feel for the role and make sure it’s for you. We also ask for a couple of references (these don’t have to be formal workplace ones, just someone who has known you for over 6 months and isn’t related).

How to apply 

Express your interest on email via the apply button.

Please note that this is a voluntary, unpaid role, based in the UK. We are unfortunately not able to provide support with visa requests.

It Gets Better UK is a lived-experience-led LGBT+ youth charity, working to tackle the disproportionate mental health challenges LGBT+ young people face today, through a collection of community-sourced, lived-experience stories; educational programs; and community-building initiatives.

About the role

We’re looking for a volunteer to help build and strengthen relationships with corporate partners who want to support It Gets Better UK. This role is perfect for someone who enjoys connecting with people, spotting opportunities, and helping businesses make a positive impact for LGBTQ+ young people.

What you’ll do

• Research companies whose values align with our mission.
• Support the team with preparing partnership proposals and presentations.
• Help track and maintain relationships with existing partners, including sending thank-yous and updates.
• Identify opportunities for workplace fundraising, volunteering, or pro bono support.

What we’re looking for

• Great communication and organisational skills.
• An interest in relationship-building and networking.
• Enthusiasm for LGBTQ+ equality and the power of storytelling.
• Previous experience in corporate fundraising, partnerships, or business development is helpful but not essential – we can support you to grow in the role.

About the role

We are seeking an experienced sound designer to lead the planning, setup, and operation of all audio elements of the 44th World Scout Conference, which is taking place at London Olympia from Monday 29th November to Friday 3rd December 2027 (with 2 days set-up and 1 day de-rig either side), to ensure an outstanding integrated experience for both in-person and online participants.

This is a key role in our team, combining technical sound design with strategic thinking around user experience and accessibility — across both physical and digital platforms.

With around 1600 delegates expected from across the globe, this high-profile international gathering demands a seamless, accessible, and engaging hybrid experience that embodies the values of World Scouting while using the best of modern event technology.

Please note, while this is a volunteer role, there will be some associated personal cost during the conference period for example, for transport and accommodation.

Key tasks

• Develop a detailed sound design plan including speaker placement, microphone needs, playback systems, and redundancy planning.
• Liaise with the selected AV supplier and venue technical staff to ensure all onsite equipment and infrastructure is appropriate for our needs and ready.
• Support live-streaming and recording requirements, including multitrack recording or feed splitting, as required.
• Oversee the rigging, setup, and testing of audio systems.
• Coordinate live sound during the conference plenaries.
• Coordinate audio support for breakout sessions and ancillary spaces as required.
• Work with the Team Leader to ensure that all elements are provided within the allocated budget, ensuring accurate forecasting and cost control.
• Identify opportunities to streamline services or combine resources with other operational areas to stay within financial parameters.
• Act as the point of contact for audio coordination & delivery for all sound systems.
• Manage event technical crew members: voluntary and contracted

Helping in our shops is a great way to help CHAS and, as well as helping us raise money to fund our vital services, you'll be part of a really great team of volunteers. You'll be meeting new people, using your skills or learning something new, and making sure our customers get a great welcome and all the assistance they need.

It's always great to see our volunteers chatting to customers and telling them about CHAS - and there's so much more to this role too: you could be sorting donations, getting stock ready for the shop floor, wielding a steamer or a duster, processing Gift Aid, operating the till (we will show you how), merchandising and displaying stock - you'll never have a dull moment.

It would be ideal if you could volunteer one shift each week, which is about four hours (but we're also happy to chat about more flexible times). No special skills are needed as we’ll show you what to do and we provide all the training you’ll need. But if you have any experience or particular interest please tell us, it may come in useful. It’s really easy to get your volunteering started.

Why we want you

As a Charity Shop Volunteer, you will play an important role in helping raise vital funds to support children with life-shortening conditions and their families. There's never a dull moment in our shops and in Dunfermline you'll be working both in the stock room - sorting and preparing stock - and on our shop floors, providing great customer service.

What you will be doing

• Welcoming and assisting customers and serving at them at the till
• Replenishing the stock on the shop floor
• Merchandising and displaying stock
• Accepting, sorting and preparing donations for sale
• Housekeeping on the shop floor and in the stock room

The skills you need

• A real aptitude for team working
• Good communication skills and attention to detail
• A good understanding of what makes excellent customer service
• The ability to represent CHAS enthusiastically and appropriately

What's in it for you

• Getting involved in your local community and making a difference to CHAS families
• Meeting new people
• Making the most of your existing skills or possibly learning some new ones too (maybe adding to your CV)
• Full training and on-going and support. Plus a range of accredited online courses if you're interested in personal development.

Overview

Are you practical, hands-on and enjoy getting stuck in?

Our Scarborough Community Furniture Store receives large amounts of donated furniture, which needs moving on a daily basis, including loading and unloading our delivery vans and arranging the store, as well as small scale furniture assembly and repair. We are looking for volunteers in our stores to support these operations.

We are currently looking for warehouse volunteers to assist on a Monday, Friday and Saturday. This is a flexible role designed to meet you where you're at and you will be joining a supportive charity team.

Responsibilities of the Role:

• Moving furniture around our stores and warehouse
• Unloading & loading vans
• Cleaning and preparing donated furniture to be sold
• Furniture assembly (usually beds)
• Minor repairs where needed (supervised and supported)
• Interacting with customers in the store in a positive, polite and helpful manner

Skills required:

• You will need to communicate well with the rest of the store team
• Being a positive, polite, and helpful representative of the store to customers, ready to help them out when needed
• You need to be able to lift and move furniture - although we will never ask you to lift anything you are uncomfortable with and will provide full manual handling training
• If you have skills in carpentry, furniture repair and assembly, this is a bonus, but not a requirement of the role.

What you’ll get from us:

• Full training in health and safety and role specific skills
• Support and mentorship from a member of our team
• Supporting people in your local community who need it most as part of a supportive team
• Opportunities for training and development - in the past this has included First Aid & PAT Testing training sessions
• Relevant PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

We are proud to offer our volunteers training and development opportunities and work with a variety of volunteers from a range of backgrounds - whether you have lots of experience and just want to lend a helping hand, or are looking to build your confidence and gain experience and skills, we will meet you where you are at.

What we expect from you:

• A minimum time commitment of 3 hours per week
• Being punctual, reliable, and ready to help as part of the team
• We are currently looking for volunteers on MONDAY, FRIDAY AND SATURDAY

Who this role would suit:

• Those looking to gain skills and experience in warehouse work, delivery work and customer service
• Those with a background in carpentry and furniture repair who are looking to contribute this experience as part of a voluntary role
• Those with a background in warehouse work and customer service who are looking to contribute this experience as part of a voluntary role
• Anybody willing to learn, support, and be part of the warehouse team

Volunteer: “I wanted to volunteer to get some work experience and be part of a team. I’ve learnt the correct way to handle furniture, how to take a bed apart, and how to put a sofa together. I’ve also improved my teamwork skills, have better communication skills, and learnt that there are several ways to do different things”.