Project support officer volunteer roles in chorley, lancashire

Willow is special. We help make precious memories in the toughest times.

Our team works hard to provide fun-packed Special Days or quiet breaks, a chance to meet heroes and legends, or the opportunity to fulfil a lifelong dream. In the toughest times, Willow creates tailored experiences that give people a boost and bring families closer together. We are the only UK charity that supports seriously ill 16 to 40-year-olds, creating magical moments which become shared memories that last a lifetime.

Since Willow was founded in 1999, we have provided more than 22,000 Special Days, Special Breaks and Special Treats, but we see this as only the first part of Willow’s journey and a base for further growth. We currently provide around 1,000 treats, days or breaks each year which means that we only reach a small percentage of those who would benefit from our services. We would love to be able to do more.

This is a pro bono appointment which brings rewards and if you would like to make a difference in our world, this is a great opportunity to bring your skills, knowledge and experience to help us deliver on our mission.

Travel expenses directly incurred in our roles as Trustees on official business can be reimbursed. Board and Committee meetings are held in person or remotely with in person meetings normally held in London.

Trustees are appointed for an initial three-year term with the opportunity to extend for a further two, three-year periods.

The time commitment is to attend 4 Board meetings a year plus relevant committee meetings. There are always opportunities to become more involved with specific projects, and trustees are strongly encouraged to attend at least 1 Willow fundraising event each year.

Specifics about the role

Willow seeks to appoint a new Board member as part of our succession planning. We are keen to hear from candidates who have skills or expertise in fundraising:

• Worked as a senior fundraiser in a charity with a range of public fundraising methods, and are used to setting targets and reviewing the effectiveness of different streams of income.  At Willow, you will help to scrutinise and enhance our fundraising strategy and may have experience of data insight and interrogation

You will be joining a dedicated team of Trustees. We currently have 10 board members with a variety of backgrounds and experience including finance, investments, fundraising, PR and communications, management consultancy, events, and legal.  Our trustees work closely with the Chief Executive, leadership team and senior members of the team.

This is an exciting time in our growth as we look to grow our governance systems, build on our successes and ensure we are a radical, dynamic organisation rooted in our anti-racist and anti-oppressive values.  We are looking to recruit 2 new trustees.  We are looking to diversify the experience and expertise of our Board, and we believe that there are people out there who have knowledge, skills and passion in different areas that will help SWWB. Areas for organisational development include:

· Embedding lived experience expertise into the design, delivery and evaluation of our work

· Developing our campaigning and strategic work

· Building up our social media and comms presence

· Stepping up our fundraising game

If you think you can help with any of these things (or something else), and you are interested in being a trustee, please get in touch, we would love to hear from you!

We’ve been shaping social change since 1884.

In our 141st year, we are looking for new Trustees to us achieve our vision of a  fairer future for East London and beyond.

Vacancy: Finance Trustee x 2

About Toynbee Hall

Toynbee Hall works alongside people facing poverty and injustice to build a fairer future.

Based in the East End of London since 1884, we provide vital support to individuals through our advice and support services and work in partnership with local communities to tackle unfairness through research and advocacy. We are a place where people come together to work out solutions to the challenges facing us all and to shape systemic change.

As a charity we are governed by our Trustees - a group of volunteers who have responsibility for setting our strategy and ensuring we meet our charitable objectives.

However, with the pandemic's aftermath and the ongoing cost of living crisis, we face unprecedented challenges. The most vulnerable communities are hit hardest, and our role has never been more critical. We are constantly reviewing our own allocation of finite resources to ensure we are clearly and effectively focusing on where we can make the greatest impact. 

We are looking for Trustees with finance experience to join our Board; helping to shape our future plans and strategy.

Over the past five years, Toynbee Hall has undergone a significant renewal, revitalising our historical buildings, creating spaces that not only provide advice and community connections but also generate revenue to support the delivery of our services and research. Like many organisations we face challenges and some difficult decisions over this period but we are energised about the changes we want to see and how we can contribute. We are also keen to collaborate and grow our projects and thus have wider impact.

We have an engaged, diverse and skilled Trustee Board who are working alongside our senior team as we implement our new strategic plan and organisational priorities.

You can find out more about our existing Trustees on our website.

What we are looking for and what we can offer

It is important to us that we attract Trustees from a range of backgrounds. You don’t need to have previous experience of being a trustee, so please don’t let that put you off!

We will offer an induction program and support to take up the position.

We aim to have a trustee board that reflects the local community, so we especially encourage to apply if you live in Tower Hamlets or who have a personal connection with Toynbee Hall, Tower Hamlets or the East End. Our Board is currently diverse in age, gender and ethnicity and we are committed to maintaining that diversity. We particularly want to hear from potential Trustees who are Black or Asian.

The essential responsibilities of a Toynbee Hall Trustee is to ensure that the organisation pursues its charitable objectives and ensure we remain a going concern.

Trustees must be people with independent judgement, with an ability to think strategically and creatively about the challenges and opportunities ahead.

For this role you will have a financial qualification with at least 3 years’ experience in finance / accountancy. Ideally experience in financial decision making. An understanding of charity funding would be an advantage.

Above all you need to have real enthusiasm for our work and for supporting and guiding our Chief Executive and Toynbee Hall’s passionate and committed staff and volunteers so that they remain focused on tackling inequality and poverty in East London and beyond. And in return we are commitment to helping you gain experience in the non-profit sector strategy and decision making.

 The time commitment to be a Trustee

We ask our Board members to attend four evening Board meetings a year, an annual away-day and to be a member of one Committee. Our Committees meet up to three times a year. At the moment our committee meetings tend to be over video, where Board meetings aim to be in person. In person meetings take place at Toynbee Hall’s home in Commercial Street, E1. Board and Committee meetings are held in the evening.

Each Board member serves for a three-year term. This will then be reviewed by the Board with a maximum nine-year term.

Our Board members are also active ambassadors for Toynbee Hall. This means attending and supporting events and taking opportunities to promote and develop the work of Toynbee Hall through networks and contacts.

Next steps and what to expect

We will be accepting applications until midday on 9th June 2025. Interviews will be held with two of our trustees (online) and a second stage with the Chief Operating Officer (in person).

Please read the attached Trustee Information Pack for more detail

As a Trustee, you will play a crucial role in the governance and strategic oversight of the charity, ensuring that we operate effectively, achieve our mission, and comply with all legal and regulatory requirements. Trustees are collectively responsible for safeguarding the charity’s assets, ensuring they are used exclusively to further our objectives, and overseeing the charity’s financial health, including budgets, financial controls, and reporting. Acting with integrity and in the charity’s best interests is at the heart of the role.

To strengthen our board and support the growth of our charity, we have identified three key areas where additional expertise is needed:

• Marketing
• Legal
• Fundraising

Each of these areas play a vital role in helping us achieve our mission, enhance our impact, and ensure the charity’s sustainability for years to come. In the attached Recruitment Pack, we have outlined individual role profiles for each of these specialisms.

We welcome candidates from diverse professional backgrounds who share our commitment to supporting those affected by Body Dysmorphic Disorder. If your current or previous skills or experience align with any of these profiles, we encourage you to apply and join us in driving meaningful change.

Do you have professional expertise you could use to help a good cause? Are you passionate about animal welfare? Trustees manage the affairs of our local RSPCA Branch to promote and provide animal welfare within the branch area. 

We are the Surrey East Branch of the RSPCA, and it's our vision to live in a world where all animals are respected and treated with compassion. 

Main activities: 

• To be familiar with and support the aims and policies of the RSPCA. 

• To be familiar with our branch rules and follow them at all times. 

• To work with your fellow trustees and branch officers to jointly act in making decisions for the best interest of our branch and the RSPCA. 

• To ensure the branch meets all the minimum animal welfare standards (MAWS). Where they are not met, work with national RSPCA staff to meet the standard as soon as practicable. 

• In conjunction with your fellow trustees and Branch support specialist (BSS), to write, adopt, monitor and review a branch development plan setting out the short and long-term aims of our branch. 

• To actively participate in branch committee meetings and attend the branch annual general meeting, and regional conference. 

• To be aware of the outcome of regional board meetings and support regional initiatives. 

• To attend the trustee training course. 

• To actively promote and advertise the society in an ongoing programme to recruit new branch trustees and volunteers. 

• To welcome new trustees and volunteers to the branch. 

About the RSPCA

We’re proud to be the oldest welfare charity in existence

• We were the first to introduce a law to protect animals and we work hard to ensure that all animals can live a life free from pain and suffering. 

• Through our campaigns we raise standards of care and awareness of issues for the animals who have no voice. We push for laws to be changed, improving the welfare of animals on farms, in research labs, in the wild, in paddocks or in our homes. 

• Through investigations and prosecutions, we stand up to those who deliberately harm animals to send out a clear message - we will not tolerate animal abuse. 

• Our highly trained officers tackle neglect and cruelty at every level and are working hard to stamp out large-scale serious, organised and commercial animal cruelty. 

• We believe every animal has the right to be counted as an individual. Animals can rely on us to rescue them when they need us most. To rehabilitate them wherever possible, provide them with the very best veterinary care and to find them new homes, either through rehoming or release.

What are we looking for? 

• Most people aged 18 or over are eligible to become a trustee. You will need to become a member of the RSPCA. Good interpersonal skills are important. You do not need to be an expert, although commitment, common sense and the ability to be objective is vital. 

• Specific skills such as finance, fundraising, project management, business experience, and awareness of employment and/or charity legislation can be useful, but not essential. 

• Trustees must sign a Trustee Declaration of Willingness to Act to clarify that they are not disqualified from being a trustee and that they accept the post. 

• In addition to our standard declaration of willingness, trustees also need to complete a declaration from the Charity Commission and read their guidance for individuals on who can’t be a trustee or senior manager of a charity. 

What can we offer you? 

• It’s a great way to meet like-minded people who share your enthusiasm for animal welfare. 

• You will have the opportunity to gain new skills and develop existing ones, whilst making a real difference to the lives of animals. 

• New RSPCA trustees are provided with a document “Trustees handbook” and asked to attend a training course which provides information and guidance about a trustee’s role and responsibilities. 

• Ongoing support is also provided by regional and national RSPCA staff in addition to any additional training provided by the relevant branch. 

• Volunteer at the heart of the local community. 

borGO

borGO is a platform that promotes the authentic villages of Abruzzo through sustainable experiences, local culture, and community engagement.

borGO tackles the social and environmental problems facing small villages in Abruzzo, such as depopulation, loss of local culture, and lack of job opportunities. Many young people leave these areas, and traditional knowledge and ways of living risk disappearing. At the same time, mass tourism often damages the environment and doesn’t benefit local communities. borGO offers a different approach by promoting slow and sustainable tourism, supporting local businesses, and helping people discover the unique culture, nature, and stories of these villages.

borGO is a digital platform that connects travelers, volunteers, and locals to create authentic, sustainable experiences in the villages of Abruzzo. It offers curated activities—like local workshops, cultural events, and eco-tourism—that support small businesses, preserve traditions, and involve the community directly. By combining storytelling, design, and technology, borGO makes it easy to discover hidden places while generating real social and environmental impact for the people who live there.

By joining borGO as a volunteer, you’ll engage directly with one of the most pressing challenges facing small communities in Italy today: isolation, depopulation, and the loss of cultural identity.

Through your contribution, you’ll not only help us bring new life to these villages—you’ll also have the chance to develop your skills, apply your knowledge in a real-world setting, and be part of something meaningful.

borGO invites you to bring the world to places that have long been forgotten by it. Your ideas, creativity, and time can open doors, create connections, and make a real difference, just by choosing to volunteer with us.

Social Media & Communications Volunteer

Volunteer Role Description (remote, unpaid)

What You’ll Do

We’re looking for a creative and hands-on Social Media & Communications Volunteer to help us tell the story of borGO and connect with people who care about culture, sustainability, and slow travel. You’ll help manage and grow our presence on Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and LinkedIn, creating engaging content, testing ideas, and building a community around the beauty of Italy’s hidden villages. You’ll also support our communication strategy—planning posts, writing short texts, and shaping the tone of our voice across platforms.

About borGO

borGO is a young social startup with a mission: to bring new life to the small villages of Abruzzo by connecting people, culture, and sustainable tourism. We want to shine a light on places that are often forgotten, and help communities thrive through meaningful experiences and storytelling. We’re just getting started, and you’ll be part of something that’s growing every day—with your ideas, energy, and creativity.

What We’re Looking For

• Experience using Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and LinkedIn to create and share content
• Familiarity with tools like CapCut, Canva, or similar platforms for creating reels, videos, and visual posts
• Comfortable writing captions, planning content, and thinking creatively
• Able to communicate in English and possibly Italian (both are important for our audience)
• Independent, reliable, and enthusiastic about trying new things

Nice to Have

• Experience or passion for tourism, rural areas, or cultural projects
• A good sense of visual style or interest in learning more about branding
• Open to co-creating with a small, friendly team that values your voice
• A chance to leave your mark by shaping how the world sees borGO

Weekly Time Commitment

4-6 hours per week

Duration of Volunteer Role (remote)

3-5 months

This is an exciting time in our growth as we look to grow our governance systems, build on our successes and ensure we are a radical, dynamic organisation rooted in our anti-racist and anti-oppressive values.  We are looking for a new Chair for our Trustee board, to join us and help lead and shape the future of the organisation. 

This is an exciting time to be joining UoGSU as we are implementing our new strategy. As an organisation we have been focused on communities, change and the education of our members.

We are looking for a trustee with experience and expertise in finance – this trustee will sit on our Audit and Risk committee. You will be a qualified accountant with experience of financial management, governance and oversight and an understanding of financial audit best practice. Previous experience of Audit and Risk committee work is of interest but not essential.

The individual appointed as trustee will need to be sympathetic to the aims of the SU and more generally share a commitment to the broader values of the student movement; student representation, student rights and the student experience – and the importance of students having a platform to organize together to help make these values a reality.

The role requires a careful balance; trustees need to respect the democratic will of the membership where possible but also be willing to think creatively, challenge constructively and point out potential risk. The Board is comprised of External Trustees, Officer Trustees and Student Trustees and oversees the work of a team of permanent staff a led by the Chief Executive.

An eye for detail to ensure the SU is being well governed and the ability to see future opportunities are also important.

The role is to serve on the board of trustees. Each term lasts 3 years and trustees can serve a maximum of 2 consecutive terms. Extensions are dependent on re-election to the board.

General candidate requirements:

All candidates will need to be comfortable reading and understanding financial information (or be willing to learn more about this aspect of the role). They should also have the following:

- An understanding of business management.
- A willingness and ability to devote the necessary time and effort to attend board andother meetings, including preparing and reading for those meetings.
- A willingness to speak their mind and contribute.
- Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
- Analytical ability and good independent judgement.
- An understanding and acceptance of the role of a Charity’s Board of Trustees (including the legal duties, responsibilities, and liabilities of Trusteeship).
- A commitment to act in accordance with the Nolan principles for ethical conduct in public service and the SU own values.

Desirable but not essential:

-Recent experience of the higher education sector or of Students’ Unions.
-Experience or knowledge of board governance.

Commitment required

Board Meetings: There are 5 scheduled hybrid meetings each year, usually held early evening and lasting 2 to 2.5 hours, with extra meetings added if required (although this is rare). Each meeting will have associated reading and preparation work. Meetings are usually conducted face-to-face, but trustees may participate remotely depending on their schedule and other commitments.

Sub-committees: All trustees sit on a remote board sub-committee – the Audit & Risk or People Committee. These committees usually meet up to 4 times each year and are scheduled to fit trustee availability.

Board members will also need to be available to approve decisions electronically between meetings if required.
If feasible, Board members are also encouraged to visit the SU and observe major events such as Welcome.

Social Friday

Social Friday reinvents the end of the workweek by transforming unproductive Friday hours into a global tradition of purpose, teamwork, and impact—connecting businesses, nonprofits, and communities through hands-on engagement.

Fridays are the least productive time of the week. Work slows down, focus fades, and hours are lost. Social Friday isn’t just a project—it’s a movement. A global tradition in the making that transforms the least productive hours of the week into moments of connection, impact, and purpose, where doing good becomes a habit. Beyond one-time events, Social Friday is designed to scale into a lasting global movement, embedding social impact into work culture and everyday life.

How It Works

A scalable platform connects businesses, NGOs, and volunteers, transforming Fridays into a global force for change through engagement, collaboration, and gamification. By integrating leaderboards, challenges, badges, and rewards, Social Friday keeps participation exciting and fosters a culture where social impact becomes part of the routine.

This isn’t just about reducing disengagement. It is about transforming the way society, nonprofits, and businesses connect, creating a future where social impact is a shared responsibility, embedded into everyday life. Social Friday has the power to turn the least productive time of the week into the most meaningful, a global tradition, the Olympics of Giving Back.

HUMAN RESOURCES SPECIALIST

Volunteer Role Description (remote, unpaid)

PEOPLE-POSITIVE? STRATEGY-SAVVY? THIS ROLE’S FOR YOU.

If you believe talent is the heartbeat of impact and know how to find, support, and grow it—step right up.

At Social Friday, we’re not just rethinking how people spend their Fridays. We’re reimagining what it means to belong, connect, and contribute. And behind every meaningful moment we create is a team of people making it happen. That’s where you come in.

As our Human Resources Specialist, you’ll be the architect of our people experience. From building an inspiring recruitment process to nurturing a culture of care and accountability, you’ll play a key role in keeping our global team connected, supported, and growing with purpose.

This isn’t just about policies and paperwork. It’s about building systems that work for real humans—and making sure our people feel seen, heard, and empowered to do their best work.

ABOUT THE MISSION Social Friday is a global initiative that transforms unproductive Friday afternoons into powerful moments of connection, awareness, and social engagement. By bringing together nonprofits, companies, and individuals, we’re making doing good a lifestyle—and togetherness the new norm.

Behind the scenes, that takes people. Aligned, engaged, purpose-driven people. Your job? Help us find them, guide them, and keep the spark alive.

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES

• Coordinate end-to-end recruitment: from writing inspiring job ads to onboarding new teammates who fit our mission and vibe
• Maintain a smooth and positive experience for all team members—from first hello to final farewell
• Support our team leads in performance check-ins, feedback loops, and development plans
• Organize internal growth opportunities, trainings, and team-building activities (yes, fun is part of the job)
• Help document our culture and values into scalable HR guidelines and practices
• Track roles, responsibilities, and team capacity so we can plan smart and work sustainably
• Be the go-to person for team questions, check-ins, and “I just need someone to talk to” moments

QUALIFICATIONS

• Proven experience in HR, people operations, or team leadership
• A people-first mindset: you care deeply about humans and systems that serve them
• Strong organizational skills and a proactive approach—you don’t wait for things to break
• Great communicator, empathetic listener, and someone who knows how to hold space
• Experience using tools like Notion, Google Workspace, or other HR software
• Familiarity with international or remote teams is a bonus
• Passion for social impact, culture-building, and creating a new way of working together

JOIN THE MOVEMENT This is HR with heart. Strategy with soul. A chance to shape not just a team, but a global culture shift.

This is the Olympics of Giving Back and you’re the one helping our people go for gold.

Ready to lead with care, clarity, and conviction? Let’s build the future of work together.

Weekly Time Commitment

4-6 hours per week

Duration of Volunteer Role (remote)

1-2 weeks

Lead the Way: Become Our Volunteer Virtual Community Activities Coordinator at SUNSHINE!

Are you a tech-savvy community builder with a passion for connecting people online? SUNSHINE—a soon-to-be registered charity dedicated to combating loneliness and building stronger communities—is seeking a visionary Virtual Community Activities Coordinator to pioneer our digital engagement initiatives. In this role, you will work closely with our Founder and CEO to conceive, plan, and run interactive online events that spark genuine connections and brighten lives.

About SUNSHINE

At SUNSHINE, our mission is to illuminate lives by forging genuine connections and nurturing vibrant communities. As a grassroots initiative in its early days, we’re laying the groundwork to officially register as a charity. Our aim is to deliver moments of joy and fellowship through both face-to-face and digital platforms, ensuring that even those feeling isolated can experience belonging. Your expertise in curating engaging virtual events will be crucial in amplifying our impact and extending our reach.

Your Role as Virtual Community Activities Coordinator:

As our Volunteer Virtual Community Activities Coordinator, you will be the digital catalyst behind SUNSHINE’s online initiatives. Your mission is to design meaningful virtual events—from interactive meet-ups and creative workshops to conversational cafés—that bring isolated individuals together in the digital space.

Key Areas of Impact:

• Digital Engagement Strategy: Craft and implement a comprehensive plan to host regular at least monthly virtual events that resonate with diverse audiences, addressing themes such as creativity, storytelling, and community support.

• Online Event Planning & Execution: Organise and oversee the entire lifecycle of virtual activities—from conceptualisation and technical setup to facilitation and post-event evaluation—ensuring that every session offers value and connection.

• Volunteer Coordination & Mentoring: Recruit, train, and guide a team of digital volunteers who will assist with event moderation, technical support, and community engagement. Empower them with the tools and insights needed to foster a warm online environment.

• Resource & Technology Management: Leverage and manage digital platforms (like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, or interactive web forums) to deliver seamless virtual experiences. Identify innovative tools and trends to elevate the quality of our online activities.

• Innovation & Continuous Improvement: Constantly explore new formats—such as breakout sessions, digital creative workshops, or themed conversation circles—that enhance interactivity and keep our digital community vibrant and engaged.

What We’re Looking For

We’re searching for a proactive, forward-thinking leader who is enthusiastic about shaping digital connections. The ideal candidate will have:

• Proven Digital Engagement Experience: A background in organizing online events, community management, or digital content creation—experience in start-ups or non-profit environments is a plus.

• Creative & Strategic Thinking: The ability to design innovative virtual experiences that maintain engagement while addressing the challenges of digital isolation.

• Excellent Communication Skills: Clear, empathetic, and inspiring communication—both in writing and verbally—to ensure a smooth and inclusive virtual atmosphere.

• Tech-Savvy & Adaptive: Proficiency with current digital platforms and a willingness to experiment with emerging tools to enhance community participation.

• Passion for Community Impact: A genuine commitment to social change and the belief that digital initiatives can create real-world connections and drive transformative change.

Why Join SUNSHINE as Our Virtual Community Activities Coordinator?

Taking on the role of Volunteer Virtual Community Activities Coordinator is more than just managing digital events—it’s about helping shape a movement dedicated to inclusivity and well-being online. By joining our leadership team, you will:

• Shape Our Digital Future: Influence key decisions that build and strengthen our online community, ensuring that our digital initiatives are effective and accessible.

• Drive Innovation: Be at the forefront of pioneering creative virtual solutions that enhance engagement and extend our community’s reach.

• Grow Professionally: Expand your skills in digital community management and event facilitation while working in a collaborative, purpose-driven environment.

• Experience Deep Fulfillment: Enjoy the satisfaction of directly contributing to a cause that transforms lives and brings hope to those battling loneliness.

Ready to Connect the Digital World?

If you’re excited to craft and drive virtual initiatives that bring people together and use your digital leadership to combat loneliness, we want you on our team. Join SUNSHINE as our Volunteer Virtual Community Activities Coordinator and help us build a brighter, more connected future—one online event at a time.

Welcome to SUNSHINE—where every virtual connection lights up lives and communities.

What does a Trustee look like? 

Look in the mirror!  

Right now, less than 3% of charity Trustees are under 30, 8% are people of colour and 36% are women. We are looking for people from across the UK and are keen to recruit trustees from all nations in the UK.

We value the many skills and experiences that you can bring to the Marine Conservation Society. We are committed to a Board culture that enables everyone to be their authentic selves and to enjoy the Trustee experience.

It’s a critical time for our ocean. There is not a moment to waste. Our goal is to recover the health of our ocean so it can help with healing our climate; to make seas protected in law to be protected in practice; and to stop the tide of plastic that’s getting into our waters. By joining as a Trustee, you will help navigate us through the risks and opportunities that we meet.

Equity, Diversity and Inclusion are essential to achieving ocean recovery so everyone can expect to be treated with consideration and respect in an atmosphere without prejudice, discrimination, harassment or violence. 

What we’re looking for 

We’re looking for people to join our Board with expertise in one or more of the following areas – click on the links for a fuller description:

• Governance/Legal – expected to be a legal professional with experience in charity, company or regulatory law. 

• Marine Conservation – knowledge of the marine environment, with policy and/or practical experience of conservation. A network of contacts across the marine sector, particularly with business or government, would be an advantage.

What you can bring to our Board can be just as interesting as where you’ve been working. Ideally, you will have the relevant skills and experience set out in the profile but you should not feel prevented from applying if you do not have experience across all criteria. You do not need to have previous charity trustee experience, but you will need to be comfortable participating at a senior level with complex discussions and the need to be comfortable making pragmatic but key decisions.