Trainer volunteer roles in stowmarket, suffolk

We are a Kingston-based social marketing enterprise using creative thinking to build community cohesion.

We aim to attract knowledgeable individuals encouraging different cultures to unite which enables us to share and celebrate essential lessons. Partnering with local organisations, we put on programmes of training, workshops and other events that promote unity and tolerance. We conduct research to support our cause to challenge preconceptions around race and stereotyping. As well as delivering workshops on unconscious bias in the workplace.

Join us in leading positive change!

The Admin Assistant role offers a great opportunity for the right person who is looking to:

• Gain experience in the Third Sector.
• Develop their skills and management experience; or just simply 'give something back to their community'.

The role provides you with flexibility and autonomy at work. Where necessary, specific training will also be provided to help you develop and grow your skill set.

Main Responsibilities

• Managing organisation of meetings and appointment
• Organising events and conferences
• Managing databases
• Implementing and maintaining procedures and administrative systems
• Liaising with staff
• Miscellaneous tasks to support the team.

General tasks

• Contribute to staff meetings and other internal meetings with views and suggestions etc.

Essential:

• You will need to have good written skills.
• Well organised, proactive, and able to deliver tasks efficiently.
• Good time management
• To show professionalism at all levels and in all environments
• Strong team player
• Ability to work independently and ask for clarification when needed.
• Able to participate at least 12 hours a week (2 days, 6 hours each day)

Desirable

• Committed to working with the community with a passion for helping others less fortunate.
• Proficiency in Microsoft and Excel

The Professional Development Programme with Quilombo UK and QMC Capoeira School runs over a period of 16 weeks, is UNPAID and requires a minimum of 12 hours commitment per week across Monday, Wednesday and/or Friday.

Upon successful application, our HR team will contact you to arrange an interview. Following a successful interview, we'll initiate the onboarding process by sending you the necessary documents. Once your onboarding and identification documents are received and verified, you'll be invited to a 6-hour HR and System Induction. Subsequently, you'll meet with your Head of Department or Assistant Manager for your First Day.

Job Types: Part-time, Volunteer

Expected hours: No less than 12 per week

Benefits:

• Flexitime
• Work from home

Schedule:

• Day shift
• Monday to Friday

Application question(s):

• Do you have access to a personal laptop or PC?
• Are you sure you can commit to this job as being a non-paid job?
• Do you think you will be able to commit yourself to the PDP programme, implicitly 12 hours per week, for 16 weeks?

Work Location: Remote

Join our amazing volunteer team to raise awareness of the issues affecting blind and partially sighted people in relation to sport. You will give talks in person or virtually, sharing your own story to improve understanding of sight loss to sports clubs, sporting venues and facilities and community groups. You’ll be making a real difference to people living with sight loss by helping to improve accessibility and inclusivity, creating a sporting world without barriers.

What you’ll be doing
1. Talks to sports and physical activity providers to support and encourage them to consider the needs of blind and partially sighted people by sharing your story to audiences, for example, local leisure centres, sporting venues and sports clubs.
2. Delivering talks to raise awareness of existing sporting and physical activity opportunities for blind and partially sighted people.
3. Representing RNIB as an Ambassador for the Community Connection service.

What you’ll gain from the role
1. A chance to give something back in an area you are passionate about.
2. A chance to make a difference with a sense of achievement.
3. A chance to build a strong community of sports people with sight loss.
4. A chance to be part of a team of like-minded people, increasing your confidence and skills to talk to groups of people with impact, with an opportunity to develop your role into delivering independently over time.
5. Opportunity to explore different roles within our organisation including our internal recruitment vacancies

In return for donating your time we will support you with:
1. A rewarding role
2. A great Induction and Training, in particular training in public speaking and story telling will be given.
3. A supportive Manager
4. Regular catch-ups
5. Expenses
6. An opportunity to connect with other volunteers

How often will I be needed?

• 4 Hours per Month

Key requirements

• This role requires 1 reference.

Location

Region

• Scotland

Who this opportunity will suit

• This role is reserved for blind and partially sighted applicants

Minimum age

• You must be at least 18 years old to apply

What skills and experience are needed?

• You’ll ideally have 1. Lived experience in playing, spectating, or delivering sport or physical activity sessions as a blind or partially sighted person. 2. Lived experience of issues affecting blind and partially sighted people in relation to sports and physical activity. 3. Be comfortable speaking to different audiences to share your sporting story, or a willingness to try with our support. 4. Have effective communication skills. 5. An outgoing friendly approach to meeting new people

Join our amazing volunteer team to raise awareness of the issues affecting blind and partially sighted people in relation to sport. You will give talks in person or virtually, sharing your own story to improve understanding of sight loss to sports clubs, sporting venues and facilities and community groups. You’ll be making a real difference to people living with sight loss by helping to improve accessibility and inclusivity, creating a sporting world without barriers.

What you’ll be doing
1. Talks to sports and physical activity providers to support and encourage them to consider the needs of blind and partially sighted people by sharing your story to audiences, for example, local leisure centres, sporting venues and sports clubs.
2. Delivering talks to raise awareness of existing sporting and physical activity opportunities for blind and partially sighted people.
3. Representing RNIB as an Ambassador for the Community Connection service.

What you’ll gain from the role
1. A chance to give something back in an area you are passionate about.
2. A chance to make a difference with a sense of achievement.
3. A chance to build a strong community of sports people with sight loss.
4. A chance to be part of a team of like-minded people, increasing your confidence and skills to talk to groups of people with impact, with an opportunity to develop your role into delivering independently over time.
5. Opportunity to explore different roles within our organisation including our internal recruitment vacancies

In return for donating your time we will support you with:
1. A rewarding role
2. A great Induction and Training, in particular training in public speaking and story telling will be given.
3. A supportive Manager
4. Regular catch-ups
5. Expenses
6. An opportunity to connect with other volunteers

How often will I be needed?

• 4 Hours per Month

Key requirements

• This role requires 1 reference.

Location

Region

• Northern Ireland

Who this opportunity will suit

• This role is reserved for blind and partially sighted applicants

Minimum age

• You must be at least 18 years old to apply

What skills and experience are needed?

• You’ll ideally have 1. Lived experience in playing, spectating, or delivering sport or physical activity sessions as a blind or partially sighted person. 2. Lived experience of issues affecting blind and partially sighted people in relation to sports and physical activity. 3. Be comfortable speaking to different audiences to share your sporting story, or a willingness to try with our support. 4. Have effective communication skills. 5. An outgoing friendly approach to meeting new people

WHO ARE WE?

Palmed Academy, the education arm of Palmed UK, is training the next generation of healthcare workers in Gaza. There is an extreme shortage of health workers and limited educational opportunities for medical, dental, and nursing students in Gaza. 

We aim to provide medical, nursing, and dental students with the resources, training, and opportunities to advance their education and become the future healthcare workforce in the Gaza Strip. We do this using a hybrid learning model - an online learning platform supported by international faculty to supplement on-the-ground clinical teaching by local faculty and healthcare workers.

This program is entirely free for the students. It costs about USD 150 / month to produce One Future Healthcare Worker through this program.

OUR IMPACT 

2100 Palestinian medical students are continuing their undergraduate education through GEM’s hybrid model. We have expanded to include nursing and dental  programs. 200 new doctors graduated in Gaza in January 2025, and our first cohort of nurses is set to follow in summer 2025.

JOIN US, DRIVE THE CHANGE 

Your support empowers the next generation of healthcare workers in Gaza to save lives and rebuild hope - one student, one patient, and one community at a time. 

We need support from the global community to build awareness, forge partnerships, lead on new initiatives and projects, and help us in social media, marketing, and fundraising. Lend your skills for a sustainable impact on Gaza’s healthcare!

WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR

We're seeking a passionate and proactive Fundraising and Marketing Coordinator to help us grow our impact. If you're a creative communicator with a talent for building relationships and securing support, we’d love to hear from you.

Key Responsibilities:

• Develop and implement fundraising strategies to support Palmed Academy's growth and programs.
• Identify and cultivate relationships with potential donors, sponsors, and funding partners.
• Support grant writing and reporting processes.
• Plan and coordinate fundraising campaigns and events (online and offline).
• Maintain donor database and ensure timely stewardship and communication..
• Develop marketing materials such as brochures, presentations, and donor packs.
• Collaborate with team members to ensure consistent branding and messaging.
• Monitor performance of marketing activities and adjust strategies accordingly.

What difference will you make?

Be part of a dynamic and growing international volunteer team dedicated to making real change in the current and future healthcare in Gaza. As this is a volunteer role, hours and working arrangements are flexible to your availability. Be part of a supportive, mission-driven environment where your work truly matters.

Cats Protection is the UK’s leading feline welfare charity and our vision is a world where every cat is treated with kindness and an understanding of its needs. Cats are at the centre of everything we do and our objectives are: homing, neutering and educating people about cats and their care. We help thousands of cats across the UK each year thanks to our network of dedicated volunteers, staff and supporters.

A bit about this role

As a charity we are able to help thousands of cats each year thanks to the generous donations we receive from members of the public. Our fundraising team leaders have the exciting and varied role of inspiring our fundraising volunteers to plan and deliver local fundraising events. Using their passion and imagination, they oversee a small team of fundraising volunteers who come together to raise the vital funds needed to cover costs such as veterinary bills and food. Our fundraising team leaders support their team of volunteers in all aspects of their roles, making sure our volunteers are happy, confident and supported.

What can you expect to be doing?

• Supporting and encouraging a team of fundraising volunteers 
• Planning fundraising events and activities with your team in the Swale area ME9, ME10, ME11, ME12, ME13
• Allocating tasks before and during fundraising events
• Keeping financial records from fundraising events
• Encouraging and promoting a professional image of Cats Protection 
• Following policies and guidelines and ensuring licences and permits are obtained for events

A bit more information about this role and the team

What are the benefits to you and the cats?

You will develop new skills, expand your knowledge and make a significant contribution to improving the lives of cats and kittens by helping raise funds and awareness through organising local events. You will also meet new people, make new friends and be part of a dedicated team of volunteers.

We’re looking for someone with

• Great people skills and the ability to bring out the best in others
• Excellent organisational skills
• The ability to prioritise and delegate
• An appreciation of the importance of handling money and charity resources responsibly
• Fine-tuned communication skills and a passion for engaging with people within your local community
• Basic IT skills to use Cats Protection systems - training and support can be provided
• Committee volunteers need to be aged 18+

Time expectation

Our fundraising team leaders usually spend three to four hours per week in this role, which is flexible and can be shared by more than one volunteer if needed.

Support, guidance and keeping you safe

At Cats Protection we believe our volunteers should be happy and confident in their roles. We provide support and guidance from our National Cat Centre and through our regional and local volunteer groups and teams. We offer engaging online and face-to-face training, expenses and have policies and processes to help volunteers get the most out of their time with us.

The wellbeing of our people is important and at Cats Protection we are committed to safeguarding children, adults at risk and all those that we come into contact with as part of our activities.

We are seeking a new Chair to provide strategic leadership at a time when demand for our advice services is at an all-time high. Help shape our vision, champion our mission, and make a tangible difference in the lives of those facing challenges.

About Citizens Advice East Berkshire
Citizens Advice East Berkshire offers crucial help and advice when people need it most. No one but Citizens Advice sees so many people with so many different kinds of problems, and that gives us a unique insight into the challenges people are facing today. 

What will you be doing?
We are at an important stage in our development and we are seeking a new Chair to replace our current Chair who will be standing down as her term finishes. We have ambitious plans for our future and we are looking for a Chair who can help drive our mission forward.

Building on our successes to date, we want a new Chair to lead us through the next exciting phase of our journey. You will have a strong background and track record of providing leadership at board and/or senior executive level and will have a passion for supporting people facing tough life challenges. You should have the judgement and vision to operate effectively at strategic level and you should demonstrate the skills and expertise to help drive our mission forward. We are looking for someone with 3 years+ professional experience in one of the fields of Fundraising strategy, Governance, Operations management or Advice / Advocacy. 

We are looking for someone who has:

• Experience of operating at a senior strategic leadership level within an organisation
• Successful track record of achievement through their career
• Experience of charity governance and working with or as part of a Board of Trustees
• Passion for supporting people facing tough life challenges
• Ideally has served as a Chair or Vice Chair and is familiar with leading a Board

What are we looking for?

You’ll need to:

• Understand the type of work undertaken by a local Citizens Advice and the Citizens Advice network
• Understand and accept the responsibilities and liabilities of a trustee
• Be non-judgmental and respect views, values and cultures that are different to your own
• Have a good basis of leadership skills (and preferably you have served within a Board, ideally as Chair or Vice Chair or led a Committee)
• Have the ability to facilitate and lead meetings
• Have good interpersonal skills
• Have good listening, verbal and written communication skills
• Be able to exercise good independent judgment
• Have good numeracy skills to understand accounts with the support of the treasurer
• Be willing to learn about and follow the Citizens Advice aims, principles and policies, including confidentiality and data protection
• Be willing to undertake mandatory training in your role
• Line manage and support the Chief Executive Officer

What difference will you make?
Citizens Advice East Berkshire makes transformational differences to people who need support when facing life crises. As Chair you will play a significant part in ensuring we are able to expand and grown our services to make a significant difference to many more individuals and families. 

Volunteering for Sense

Sense is a leading disability charity with extensive knowledge and expertise in delivering personalised, creative and flexible support for disabled people with complex needs. Our tailored approach ensures that every person is empowered to live fully at every stage of life.

Due to the nature of the role, we require all applicants to be aged 16 or over. You must have a UK address to volunteer with Sense.

What your role will involve

You’ll get the opportunity to get involved in a wide range of activities, including:

• Welcoming and assisting customers, providing great customer service, helping create a wonderful shopping experience.
• Receiving donated items from the public, thanking them for their support.
• Sorting, steaming and preparing donations for sale.
• Helping to display stock in eye-catching and exciting ways.
• Keeping the shop floor clean, safe and tidy.
• Talking to customers about Sense and the work we do. 

When you’re ready, we’ll provide you with additional training to:

• Serve customers on the till in a warm and friendly way.
• Put sales through the till, packing them and thanking the customer for shopping with us.
• Talk to customers about Gift Aid and other fundraising initiatives.

If you’re interested in taking on additional responsibilities, you can train to become a Key Volunteer, helping the shop manager by:

• Helping supervise the shop and other volunteers.
• Supporting the shop manager to make sure customers have a great experience.
• Opening and closing the shop when needed.
• Cashing up at the end of the day. 

Will the role suit me? Yes, if you are:

• Passionate about Sense’s work to support disabled people with complex needs.
• Calm, kind and have a friendly personality.
• A team player who enjoys working with others.
• Enthusiastic, motivated and someone with a positive attitude.
• Respectful of others. 

What can Sense offer me as a volunteer?

• Full training with ongoing support and guidance from your team.
• A chance to meet new people.
• A great way to develop new skills and share your existing skills.
• The feeling you get knowing you’re making a difference to the lives of disabled people with complex needs.
• A reference to support future applications for paid or voluntary roles.
• Support from our Mental Health First Aiders, should you need it. 

About Sense

For everyone living with complex disabilities. For everyone who is deafblind. Sense is here to offer personalised support to help people communicate and experience the world. We believe that no one, no matter how complex their disabilities, should be isolated, left out, or unable to fulfil their potential. Our experts offer support that’s tailored to the individual needs of each person, whether that’s at our centres, through our holidays and short breaks, or in people’s own homes. In addition to practical support, we also provide information to families, and campaign for the rights of people with complex disabilities to take part in life.

Volunteers add real value to Sense, bringing their passion, enthusiasm and fresh perspectives to the work that we do. We believe that volunteers enable us to bring people together, and provide opportunities for people with complex disabilities to communicate and experience the world.

We include. We collaborate. We find a way. We challenge. We celebrate.

WHO ARE WE?

Palmed Academy, the education arm of Palmed UK, is training the next generation of healthcare workers in Gaza. There is an extreme shortage of health workers and limited educational opportunities for medical, dental, and nursing students in Gaza. 

We aim to provide medical, nursing, and dental students with the resources, training, and opportunities to advance their education and become the future healthcare workforce in the Gaza Strip. We do this using a hybrid learning model - an online learning platform supported by international faculty to supplement on-the-ground clinical teaching by local faculty and healthcare workers.

This program is entirely free for the students. It costs about USD 150 / month to produce One Future Healthcare Worker through this program.

OUR IMPACT 

2100 Palestinian medical students are continuing their undergraduate education through GEM’s hybrid model. We have expanded to include nursing and dental  programs. 200 new doctors graduated in Gaza in January 2025, and our first cohort of nurses is set to follow in summer 2025.

JOIN US, DRIVE THE CHANGE 

Your support empowers the next generation of healthcare workers in Gaza to save lives and rebuild hope - one student, one patient, and one community at a time. 

We need support from the global community to build awareness, forge partnerships, lead on new initiatives and projects, and help us in social media, marketing, and fundraising. Lend your skills for a sustainable impact on Gaza’s healthcare!

WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR 

Palmed Academy is seeking a talented web designer to volunteer with us in building a new website. This is a great opportunity to showcase your creativity, build your portfolio, and contribute to an educational initiative that makes a real impact.

Our current website has a complex back-end interface that is difficult to manage. We are looking for a web designer to build us a new website using a no-code or low-code web design tool (e.g., Squarespace, or similar), ensuring it has a clean and simple back-end interface. Once built, the site should be easy to update by volunteers with no coding knowledge, so that content changes and updates can be managed smoothly by our team. This is a short-term project that should ideally be completed within 3-6 months, depending on the volunteer's availability. 

Skills required

• Experience designing websites with no-code tools, e.g., Squarespace 
• Strong eye for design, layout, and user experience.
• Be able to make the site responsive across devices.
• Create a clear handover process for future maintainers.
• Be collaborative, patient, and motivated by making a positive impact.

Be part of a dynamic and growing international volunteer team dedicated to making real change in the current and future healthcare in Gaza. As this is a volunteer role, hours and working arrangements are flexible to your availability. Be part of a supportive, mission-driven environment where your work truly matters.

The University Coordinator role exists to help bridge the gap between our central and regional teams. This mentorship-focused position involves working 1:1 with regional team leads, offering guidance, encouragement, and practical support as they build their teams and deliver impactful fundraising and awareness raising campaigns on campus. Working collaboratively, you’ll help them pursue ambitious goals while ensuring their work reflects SolidariTee’s values and vision. This role requires reliable commitment to 2-3h of calls per week and willingness to provide additional support to team leads outside of weekly calls.

Key responsibilities: 

• Work closely with team leads from 4–6 regional teams through weekly calls and ongoing support.
• Provide practical support and advice in organising events and building each team. 
• Assist with recruitment by conducting interviews with prospective team leads. 
• Engage in training and development opportunities designed to support you in the role.

Desirable Criteria:

• Strong time management and organisational skills, ensuring reliability and follow-through on commitments. 
• Ability to collaborate effectively with others to problem-solve, alongside the initiative to seek out answers independently. 
• An understanding of the values and vision of SolidariTee. 
• Experience in project management or active involvement in a university society or similar initiative.

Please note, applications will be considered on a rolling basis - apply now!

We stop good food from going to waste and give it to people who need it.

Warehouse volunteers sort and pack food donations and ready orders for distribution to the people who need it.

What will I be doing?

• Manually packing food orders
• Sorting, labelling and repacking food donations
• Making sure food is within use by dates and handled safely

What we need you to be:

• Able to perform physical tasks including lifting and loading
• Able to work well in a team and on your own
• Adaptable and flexible. Managing surplus food is unpredictable and tasks vary
• Positive, friendly and personable
• Work well in a team and on your own
• Follow health and safety policies & procedures.

Why volunteer as a Warehouse Assistant?

• Gain warehouse management skills such as food safety, manual handling and forklift training if available at your site
• Meet new people, be part of a team and socialise with fellow volunteers
• Keep physically fit and active
• Be at the forefront of stopping good food from going to waste, and ensuring it gets to people who need it
• Search on our website for more benefits from volunteering with FareShare.

Yoga Stops Traffick is an international campaign to raise awareness of and funds for survivors of human trafficking in India. Every year thousands of yoga practitioners from all corners of the globe roll out their mats to stand in solidarity with young survivors. The funds raised from Yoga Stops Traffick help rescue and rehabilitate survivors of human trafficking, sexual and domestic violence, modern-day slavery, and child marriage.

We are seeking 2 enthusiastic volunteers to support Yoga Stops Traffick 2026. You will join a small but ambitious team with tons of passion, and you will have a real chance to see the impact of your work!

About this volunteer role

This is an administration support role so we will be asking you to carry out administrative tasks such as:

• Copying and pasting templated emails, personalising them and then sending them to yoga studios and teachers. 
• Compiling lists of yoga studios and teachers to contact.
• Updating trackers based on email responses.
• Responding to customer enquiries.

If the volunteer feels confident to, they might also be asked to do some social media, newsletter and website administrative work. And if they have ideas for how to improve the campaign further - they will be welcomed with enthusiasm!

What we offer in return:

• A supportive team to work alongside

• Training and induction from Adventure Ashram

• The opportunity to gain campaign experience at a small charity

• The knowledge you have made a positive difference to people’s lives

Requirements of role:

• Ideally a commitment of approx. 2-6 hours per week

• Equipment you need: Laptop/PC, Internet Access

We’re looking for Community Fundraising Volunteers across the UK to help us deliver and collect Marie Curie donation tins in their local area. By using your local knowledge and connections, you’ll help raise vital funds for our nurses and hospice services - right where it matters most.

What you'd be doing:

• Distribute collection boxes in shops, cafés, pubs, gyms, and anywhere people gather.
• Swing by regularly to collect and bank the donations
• Keep tabs on each box’s location and earnings like a fundraising detective.
• Make friends with venue staff to build positive relationships.
• Spot new places where we could extend our reach and make an even bigger impact. 
• Spread the word about upcoming events and campaigns to those you meet

Why you'd be a great fit:

• Polite and organised
• Self-motivated
• Familiar with your local area
• You have 2-4 hours a month to spare

What you gain:

• Ongoing guidance and brief training - just the essentials
• Meet amazing people
• Being part of the UK’s leading end-of-life charity
• Recognition for your time
• Travel expenses covered
• Access to exclusive deals and discounts across retail, travel, entertainment, and more
• Loyalty Card Membership for our Marie Curie Shops

This opportunity is perfect for someone who loves chatting with people, enjoys being out and about, and wants to make a meaningful difference - one collection box at a time.

Our vision for volunteering

Volunteering is and always will be at the heart of Cats Protection. It is joyful and inclusive. As a charity, working in partnership, together we transform the lives of cats, people and communities.

The difference you will make to cats and people

Without the passionate and committed teams of volunteers across Cats Protection we wouldn’t be able to help the thousands of cats and kittens each year that rely on us for help. The purpose of this role is to support the organisation with communications and administration at a local level. You’ll play an active part in the branch committee and support the branch with record keeping and planning, thus enabling more cats to be helped.

You expect us to

• Make you feel welcome, included and respected in line with our values and behaviours
• Support you in having a positive and impactful experience at Cats Protection
• Cover agreed out-of-pocket expenses in line with our Expenses Policy
• Provide you with access to learning, development and engagement opportunities

What we need from you

You’ll be:

• Disseminating relevant organisation-wide information and updates to the branch volunteers
• Supporting engagement and communication between the branch and wider organisation
• Drafting committee meeting agendas and taking and sharing meeting minutes
• Supporting the efficient running of the branch by ensuring administration processes are carried out effectively
• Supporting the administration and update of the branch annual plan 
• Sign-posting queries from members of the public
• Keeping branch records and information up to date and secure, using Cats Protection systems – training will be provided

Join our amazing volunteer team to make a real difference to people living with sight loss. You’ll be supporting people to come together in a group setting, to benefit from each other’s company, knowledge and encouragement, leading to reduced isolation, stronger networks of support, and new friendships. You can support with either local and regional telephone groups or face-to-face groups.

What you’ll be doing:
• Meeting and greeting group members on arrival or joining virtually.
• Creating a warm and welcoming environment.
• Supporting group conversations.
• Assisting with group activities (if appropriate).

What you’ll gain from the role:
• An opportunity to give something back.
• A chance to build a strong community.
• A sense of achievement through the difference you make.

• A chance to be part of a team of like-minded people
• An opportunity to develop and explore different roles with RNIB, including our internal job vacancies.

In return for donating your time we will provide:
• A rewarding experience.
• A great Induction and training.
• A supportive manager.
• Regular updates and catchups.
• Expenses.
• An opportunity to connect with other volunteers.

How often will I be needed?

• 4 Hours per Week

Key requirements

• 1 reference Criminal record check

Location

Region

• Scotland

Who this opportunity will suit

Minimum age

• You must be at least 18 years old to apply

What skills and experience are needed?

• • An interest in group or community work. • A sociable personality. • A commitment to working towards a society where people with sight loss are equal participants.