Facilities management trustee volunteer volunteer roles in London

Are you an experienced leader with a finance background and the passion for making a difference?

Rennie Grove Peace Hospice Care is seeking a Trustee and Honorary Treasurer to help guide the charity’s strategy including a focus on financial responsibilities. This voluntary role is ideal for someone with strong knowledge of accounting, audit and risk management who can balance strategic thinking with attention to detail. If you are a confident communicator with extensive financial experience and a desire to use those skills to support a local charity, we’d love to hear from you.

Your expertise, insight and judgment could make a real difference to the lives of the local people we support.

Role requirements:

• Extensive senior financial leadership experience
• Strong knowledge of accounting standards, audit and risk management
• Understanding of best practice in governance
• Exceptional communication, influencing and stakeholder management skills
• Strategic thinker with sound independent judgement 
• Commitment to the mission, vision and values of Rennie Grove Peace Hospice Care

The benefits of joining our Board of Trustees include:
• Professional recognition.
• Networking opportunities with fellow trustees as well as access to forums and communities of likeminded trustees at other organisations.
• Training and support to get the best out of the role.
• Career development: Diversify your experience and demonstrate leadership, governance expertise and commitment to public service.

Primary Location:          Walton Firs Activity Centre, Convent Lane, Cobham, Surrey KYT11 1HB
Secondary Location:     Dixcart House, Addlestone Road, Bourne Business Park, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 2LE
Remuneration:                Voluntary (reasonable expenses will be reimbursed)
Time Commitment:       Between 15 and 40 hours annually, depending on personal capacity. Role commitments include five board meetings per year including the annual general meeting, and periodic sub-committees and public events.

1. Organisational Information:

1.1 The Walton Firs Foundation is a Surrey-based registered charity (Charity registration number: 1113830), and a company limited by guarantee without share capital (Companies House registration number: 05695208). The Foundation’s charitable mission is to support young people’s personal development and social inclusion, through enabling their engagement in outdoor education, vocational training, and volunteering programmes. Since its establishment in 2006, the Foundation has enabled over 250,000 young people from across the south-east of England to learn, develop and enjoy in nature, including many whose backgrounds and circumstances have previously restricted their access to the natural environment. The Foundation is a recipient of The Queen’s Award for Voluntary Service, in recognition of its developmental impact on the lives of young people. In 2024/25, the Foundation recorded a total income of £852,977, and a net trading surplus of £81,286.

1.2 The Foundation owns and manages Walton Firs Activity Centre, a fifty-acre facility that provides forty land-based outdoor education activities and residential capacity to accommodate up to 1,100 young people. The activity centre is commissioned by a wide range of children’s and youth service providers and by primary, secondary and SEND schools to deliver high quality curriculum enhancement programmes and outdoor learning activities. In addition, the activity centre directly-delivers a range of services for local young people, including holiday and afterschool activity projects, work experience programmes, and The Duke of Edinburgh’s Award. In 2024/25, Walton Firs Activity Centre delivered 479 service commissions and engaged 32,000 young people in outdoor learning activities and programmes.

1.3 Currently, the Foundation has six trustees / directors, who work with the company secretary under the leadership of the chairman of the board, to provide oversight and scrutiny of, and support and guidance to, the chief executive officer and the activity centre management team. A group of twenty-five charity patrons provide overview over the trustees / directors.

1.4 For more information about the Walton Firs Foundation and Walton Firs Activity Centre, please visit our website

2. Role Purpose:

2.1 The Trustees / Directors of the Walton Firs Foundation serve simultaneously as a charity trustees and as company directors, and manage statutory duties under the Companies Act 2006. They are responsible for the strategic direction, operational governance, and financial status of the organisation, and work closely with the chief executive officer to ensure the Foundation delivers its charitable objects and activities for the public benefit, in compliance with the Charity Commission’s regulations and company law. The role’s key accountabilities include ensurance of the Foundation’s capacity to manage high-quality outdoor education experiences and facilities for young people, whilst complying with all relevant legislative and regulatory requirements.

3. Key Responsibilities:

Governance and Compliance:

3.1 The Trustees / Directors:

3.1.1 Ensure the organisation complies with its governing document, charity law, company law, and other relevant legislation / regulations including health and safety, safeguarding, data protection, and employment law.

3.1.2 Ensure the organisation is managed ethically and with integrity, and avoid conflicts of interest or misuse of charity / company assets.

3.1.3 Ensure that organisational policies, procedures, and practices comply with legal requirements and sector best practice.

3.1.4 Ensure the safeguarding and promotion of the wellbeing and safety of children and young people.

Strategic Leadership:

3.2 The Trustees / Directors:

3.2.1 Contribute to setting the organisation’s strategic direction, vision, mission, and values.

3.2.2 Monitor the organisation’s performance against agreed objectives and outcomes.

3.2.3 Ensure the organisation’s activities align with its charitable objects and activities, and provide measurable public benefit.

Financial Stewardship:

3.3 The Trustees / Directors:

3.3.1 Ensure effective and efficient management of the organisation’s resources, including safeguarding assets and ensuring funds are used exclusively to pursue the charity’s objects and activities.

3.3.2 Approve annual budgets, business plans, and financial statements.

3.3.3 Oversee risk management, ensuring appropriate internal controls, reserves, and sustainability planning.

Board and Organisational Development:

3.4 The Trustees / Directors:

3.4.1 Actively participate in board meetings and relevant committees.

3.4.2 Contribute expertise, constructive challenge, and support to the chief executive officer.

3.4.3 Support fundraising and income generation, ensuring compliance with the Fundraising Regulator’s Code of Practice.

3.4.4 Promote the organisation’s work to stakeholders, partners, and the wider community.

4. Statutory Duties as a Charity Trustee:

4.1 In accordance with the Charity Commission regulations, the Trustees of the Walton Firs Foundation:

4.1.1 Act in the charity’s best interests – prioritise the needs of the charity beneficiaries above personal or external interests.

4.1.2 Manage the charity’s resources responsibly – ensure effective use of charity funds, assets, and staff and volunteers.

4.1.3 Act with reasonable care and skill – use personal and professional competencies and experience to inform charity decision-making.

4.1.4 Ensure accountability – be answerable to beneficiaries, patrons, the Charity Commission, funders, and the wider public.

5. Statutory Duties as a Company Director:

5.1 In accordance with the Companies Act 2006, the Directors of the Walton Firs Foundation:

5.1.1 Promote the success of the company for the benefit of its customers.

5.1.2 Exercise independent judgment and make organisational decisions objectively.

5.1.3 Exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence based on personal and professional expertise and the standards expected of a company director.

5.1.4 Avoid conflicts of interest and declare any that arise.

5.1.5 Refuse benefits from third parties that could compromise their independence.

5.1.6 Ensure accurate records and filings are maintained with Companies House.

6. Person Specification:

6.1 Essential Criteria:

6.1.1 Commitment to the charity’s objects and activities: the provision of developmental outdoor education opportunities for the benefit of young people.

6.1.2 Knowledge and understanding of the legal duties, responsibilities, and liabilities of charity trustees and company directors.

6.1.3 Capacity to think strategically and contribute to organisational policy and procedural development.

6.1.4 Effective communication, interpersonal and advocacy skills.

6.1.5 Integrity, objectivity, and willingness to assert personal views and opinions.

6.1.6 Availability to attend meetings and engage fully in governance activities.

6.2 Desirable Criteria:

6.2.1 Experience of the delivery and management of education, youth work, outdoor learning, or related sectors.

6.2.2 Financial, legal, or governance expertise.

6.2.3 Fundraising, marketing, or business development experience.

6.2.4 Human resources, accountancy, project management experience.

6.2.5 Educational curriculum design and delivery, capital project management experience.

6.2.6 Health and safety and quality control and assurance procedures experience

6.2.7 Volunteer engagement and development experience

6.2.8 Lived experience or understanding of the needs and aspirations of young people.

7. Additional Information:

7.1 Trustees / Directors are appointed for a term of four years, renewable subject to board approval.

7.2 The Trustee / Director role is unpaid, but reasonable out-of-pocket expenses will be reimbursed where requested.

7.3 Training and induction will be provided for Trustees / Directors, and ongoing development opportunities supported as required.

This role is advertised as part of TPP's Free Giving Back Services. This volunteer advertisement copy has been supplied to TPP and applicants apply direct to the organisation. Please contact the organisation directly if you have any questions about this volunteer role.

Treasurer for Age Concern Twyford & District

Do you have an interest in helping our charity that supports older people in our community?

If you have a head for financial matters, you could add to and assist our trustees’ management of our finances.                      

Initially set up in 1988, we are an independent local charity (Charitable Incorporated Organisation No. 11163722) that promotes and maintains independent living for older residents in and around our local community. We are not affiliated with any similar organisations, but work closely with other Wokingham Borough-based charities and support organisations.

We provide a Day Centre with activities, lunches and optional take-home meals, activities including arts, singing and dancing, plus a range of support services including assistance with form-filling, handypersons and a listening ear to support families.

In 2024/25, our income was £250k, a small rise on previous years, and our services and facilities remain well-used and very well-appreciated in our community.

The Role

We are a small and collaborative trustee team, working closely with the staff in the centre to provide a service to our local community. Our Board includes some people with experience and skills in the services we provide to older people or other professions, and we’d expect trustees to have empathy with our cause and our beneficiaries. 

Although we’d welcome your financial qualification, that’s not a requirement, as our finances aren’t complex. An understanding of how charity finance works would be beneficial of course, with the ability to communicate financial information clearly, especially to other trustees, being important. Support from our employees is always available, as they will be dealing with the day-to-day finances.

You don’t necessarily need prior experience of charity trusteeship, as advice from local charity-support organisations is always available. Full induction to our organisation will be provided, plus specialist help as a new trustee, including access to external training.

​We are a charity not a commercial business, but we apply business principles to governing our organisation. We are looking for fresh expertise and experience from a variety of backgrounds to our charity. We want to expand the diversity of our Board and strongly welcome applications from people from less-represented groups. 

​The focus of a trustee role is strategic, and trustees will not be expected to get involved in the organisation’s operations on a day-to-day basis; however, contact and liaison with other trustees and employees is expected.   

​We ask for about five hours per month, which includes all meetings, discussions, etc., although that time commitment will rise at year-end and for our AGM.
You will need access to digital communications, as some our charity’s business is run that way.

This appointment is being assisted for us by involve Community Services, a charity-support organisation, who can supply you with a detailed Role Description and Skills Specification, and offer advice about trusteeship, even assist your application. Click "Apply Now" below to find out more.

Do you have experience in the legal sector and a passion for making a difference? We are seeking a new Trustee with legal expertise to help guide our strategy.

Key responsibilities

Governance and strategic leadership

• Actively participate in Board meetings and relevant Board committee meetings (e.g. Governance), providing objective advice on strategic direction, performance and resources.
• Work with the Chair, Chief Executive and other trustees to ensure the charity maintains the highest standards of governance, complies with all relevant laws and regulations and delivers on its mission.
• Contribute to the development, scrutiny and approval of organisational strategies, major projects and investment decisions, ensuring alignment with long-term goals.
• Champion the charity’s values, diversity and inclusion and ethical standards at all times.

Legal oversight and stewardship

• Support the organisation in complying with its governing documents, charity law, and other relevant legislation.
• Safeguard the organisation’s assets and ensure they are applied exclusively for charitable purposes.
• Support the Board in understanding legal duties, responsibilities, and liabilities.
• Contribute to setting and reviewing the organisation’s strategic direction.
• Monitor performance and ensure accountability across all areas of operation.
• Ensure financial stability and integrity, approving budgets and monitoring expenditure.
• Act as an ambassador for the organisation, promoting its mission and values.

Person specification

• Qualified solicitor or barrister or significant experience in legal practice
• Strong understanding of charity law, company law, compliance and governance frameworks
• Commitment to the organisation’s values and objectives
• Experience and understanding of the role of Company Secretary
• Experience at senior leadership level
• Exceptional communication, influencing and stakeholder management skills.
• Strategic thinker, capable of balancing detail with the bigger picture, and exercising sound independent judgement
• Deep commitment to the mission, vision and values of the charity, including principles of equality, diversity and inclusion.

Time commitment

This appointment requires a commitment to Rennie Grove Peace Hospice Care to attend quarterly early evening meetings of the Board of Trustees and serve on at least one Board committee (Governance Committee), with additional meetings as required.

In addition to attending meetings, trustees will need to make time to read and evaluate papers. All our trustees are encouraged to actively participate and engage in external events and networking to represent and promote the charity, where requested.

Appointments are usually for a term of three years with the possibility of two further three-year extensions by mutual agreement up to a maximum term of nine years.

Remuneration

This is a voluntary, unpaid trustee role. Reasonable expenses incurred in the course of duties will be reimbursed in line with the charity’s policy.

The benefits of joining our Board of Trustees include:

• Professional recognition
• Networking opportunities with fellow trustees as well as access to forums and communities of likeminded trustees at other organisations.
• Training and support to get the best out of the role.
• Career development: Diversify your experience and demonstrate leadership, governance expertise and commitment to public service.

Application process

Please submit a covering letter outlining how your skills and experience would contribute to Rennie Grove Peace Hospice Care in your role as Trustee, together with a recent CV.

The supporting statement should demonstrate why you want to join our charity, your suitability for this role and specifically address the key elements of this role specification.

If your skills and experience fit, you will be shortlisted and final selection will be via a two-stage formal interview process with the Chair of Trustees, Chief Executive and one or two other Trustees.

Deadline for applications: 5pm on Friday 13 February

Interview dates: 26 February and 11 March

OFFICE MANAGEMENT VOLUNTEERS (WITH EXPERIENCE)

4–6 Hours Per Week — Very Flexible

• Build the Systems.
• Shape the Space.
• Help Bring SUNSHINE to Life.

SUNSHINE is stepping boldly into Phase 2 of our journey — and this is the moment where everything begins to take shape.

Our Board of Trustees is appointed and working with passion. Our charity application is submitted. Our vision is clear, our mission is alive, and our purpose has never been more urgent.

Now, we are ready for the next chapter — and we cannot write it without you.

The Role: Create the Operational Heartbeat of SUNSHINE

As a 100% volunteer‑run and volunteer‑led start‑up charity, we are searching for experienced, organised, and proactive Office Management Volunteers to design, set up, and manage the systems and processes that will keep SUNSHINE running smoothly.

This is not just a role. This is an opportunity to build the operational backbone of a movement designed to transform loneliness into belonging across London and beyond.

You will help us create an office and administrative environment that is:

• Efficient — enabling volunteers to work confidently and effectively.

• Organised — with clear systems, processes, and workflows.

• Supportive — ensuring our teams have what they need to thrive.

• Impactful — allowing SUNSHINE to deliver programmes with excellence.

You Will Lead On:

• Creating, setting up, and maintaining SUNSHINE’s office and administrative systems.

• Designing processes that make our operations smooth, simple, and efficient.

• Managing digital and physical filing systems, documentation, and workflows.

• Supporting volunteers and teams with day‑to‑day admin needs.

• Preparing for our first office space, including:

  • Leading the office move.

  • Planning the layout and set‑up.

  • Ensuring best use of space for volunteers, services, and programmes.

• Working closely with the Founder and wider team to embed best practice.

• Ensuring our office environment reflects SUNSHINE’s values of joy, connection, and community.

• Using Microsoft Office tools (Word, Excel, etc.) confidently and effectively.

• Bringing a proactive, solution‑focused mindset to every challenge.

If you love organisation, systems, and creating environments where people can thrive, this is your moment.

Why SUNSHINE?

• Because loneliness is not just a feeling — it is a public health crisis.
• Because too many people are navigating life without a social network to hold them.
• Because connection, joy, and community spirit should be a right, not a privilege.

SUNSHINE exists to change that.

Our Vision

A world where every individual feels deeply connected, uplifted, and empowered within a vibrant, compassionate community.

Our Mission

To foster connection and enhance wellbeing by creating inclusive, joyful, supportive environments where people come together and truly belong.

Our Values

• Connection.
• Community Spirit.
• Compassion.
• Joy.
• Inclusivity.

These aren’t just words — they are the heartbeat of everything we do.

Why You Matter

As an Office Management Volunteer, you will be one of the first people to shape SUNSHINE’s operational culture.

Your leadership will ensure:

• Our charity runs smoothly, efficiently, and professionally.

• Volunteers feel supported, informed, and empowered.

• Our programmes — from befriending to wellbeing workshops — are delivered seamlessly.

• Our first office becomes a warm, organised, uplifting space for everyone.

Your organisation and initiative will help create a world where no one feels alone.

This Is Your Call to Action

If you have experience in office management, administration, operations, or organisational systems — and if your heart beats for connection, compassion, and community — we would love to welcome you into the SUNSHINE family.

Join us as we build something meaningful, hopeful, and life‑changing. Join us as we bring SUNSHINE to London and beyond. Join us as we create a movement where everyone belongs.

Ready to Make a Difference?

• Step forward.
• Be part of our founding operations team.
• Help us build a brighter, kinder, more connected world.

Apply today and help us bring SUNSHINE to life.

SUNSHINE

The Loneliness and Wellbeing Charity

As Social Media & Marketing Manager with The Skateboarding Foundation, your role is to develop and support our digital presence, raise awareness, and engage with our audience across various platforms.

This is an opportunity to make a tangible difference to young people's lives, supporting a small but growing charity.

COMPANY / BOARD OF TRUSTEES SECRETARY (WITH EXPERIENCE)

5 Hours Per Month — Very Flexible

• Guide the Governance.
• Shape the Foundation.
• Help Bring SUNSHINE to Life.

SUNSHINE is stepping boldly into Phase 2 of our journey — and this is the moment where everything begins to take shape.

Our Board of Trustees is appointed and working with passion. Our charity application is submitted. Our vision is clear, our mission is alive, and our purpose has never been more urgent.

Now, we are ready for the next chapter — and we cannot write it without you.

The Role: Be the Organisational Anchor of SUNSHINE

As a 100% volunteer‑run and volunteer‑led start‑up charity, we are searching for an experienced, dedicated, and highly organised Company/Board of Trustees Secretary to join our brand‑new Board.

This is not just a role. This is an opportunity to shape the governance, rhythm, and integrity of a movement designed to transform loneliness into belonging across London and beyond.

You will help us build a governance foundation that is:

• Uplifting — enabling trustees to lead with clarity, confidence, and purpose.

• Positive — ensuring our processes feel supportive, transparent, and empowering.

• Team‑spirited — strengthening collaboration, communication, and shared responsibility.

• Impactful — ensuring SUNSHINE operates with excellence, accountability, and heart.

You Will Lead On:

• Supporting the Board of Trustees with high‑quality governance and administrative guidance.

• Ensuring compliance with charity regulations, reporting requirements, and best practice.

• Preparing agendas, minutes, and documentation for Board meetings.

• Maintaining accurate records, registers, and governance systems.

• Supporting the development of policies, procedures, and organisational frameworks.

• Helping shape the culture of accountability, transparency, and collective leadership.

• Being a trusted partner to the Chair, Trustees, and wider SUNSHINE team.

If you believe in the power of strong governance to enable meaningful impact, this is your moment.

Why SUNSHINE?

• Because loneliness is not just a feeling — it is a public health crisis.
• Because too many people are navigating life without a social network to hold them.
• Because connection, joy, and community spirit should be a right, not a privilege.

SUNSHINE exists to change that.

Our Vision

A world where every individual feels deeply connected, uplifted, and empowered within a vibrant, compassionate community.

Our Mission

To foster connection and enhance wellbeing by creating inclusive, joyful, supportive environments where people come together and truly belong.

Our Values

• Connection.
• Community Spirit.
• Compassion.
• Joy.
• Inclusivity.

These aren’t just words — they are the heartbeat of everything we do.

Why You Matter

As our Company/Board Secretary, you will be one of the first people to shape SUNSHINE’s organisational backbone.

Your leadership will help ensure:

• Our governance is strong, ethical, and future‑ready.

• Our Board operates with clarity, confidence, and unity.

• Our charity grows on a foundation of trust, transparency, and good practice.

• Our programmes — befriending, wellbeing, and community connection — are supported by robust structures.

Your stewardship will help create a world where no one feels alone.

This Is Your Call to Action

If you have experience in governance, charity administration, company secretarial work, compliance, or organisational leadership — and if your heart beats for connection, compassion, and community — we would love to welcome you into the SUNSHINE family.

Join us as we build something meaningful, hopeful, and life‑changing. Join us as we bring SUNSHINE to London and beyond. Join us as we create a movement where everyone belongs.

Ready to Make a Difference?

• Step forward.
• Be part of our founding Board.
• Help us build a brighter, kinder, more connected world.

Apply today and help us bring SUNSHINE to life.

SUNSHINE

The Loneliness and Wellbeing Charity

​

Location: London, W2 1AY

Working hours: Part time (one day per month)

Salary: Resonable expenses paid

Join Imperial Health Charity at an exciting moment as we launch our ambitious new strategy to shape the future of healthcare across one of the country's largest Trusts and make a genuine difference to over 1.3 million people.

Who we are

At Imperial Health Charity, we help our hospitals do more through a comprehensive programme of grants, arts, volunteering and fundraising. As the dedicated charity for Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, one of the largest trusts in the country, our work helps to support more than 1.3 million patients and more than 16,000 NHS staff each year across Charing Cross, Hammersmith, Queen Charlotte’s & Chelsea, St Mary’s, and the Western Eye hospitals.

The opportunity ahead

Our new strategy for 2026-2031 will guide significant investments in patient health priorities and staff well-being, including our support of the Fleming Centre, a flagship research and innovation facility opening in 2028 to mark the centenary of Sir Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin and the redevelopment of St Mary’s Hospital.

We’re raising our profile through more ambitious public relations and social media efforts, seeking national corporate relationships and consolidating funds to create more focused, meaningful impact in priority areas.

Who we are looking for

We’re seeking two trustees who each bring distinct strengths. The first should have experience in safeguarding, ideally gained through work with volunteers, or in community settings. You could have a background in adult and children’s services, care, or service delivery organisations that utilise volunteers at scale.

You’ll provide board-level oversight of our safeguarding and ensure best practice in policies and legal considerations.

The second trustee should bring grant-making experience, preferably with an understanding of how fundraising and grants work together in a charitable context. You’ll help us through support and challenge to improve our impact reporting, storytelling and the strategic pipeline between fundraising and grant distribution. Commercial thinking and an appreciation of how to demonstrate impact to attract donors would be valuable.

Time Commitment

You’ll attend four board meetings and four committee meetings each year, plus an annual strategy day. Meetings are typically held in person from 4:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. We estimate the time commitment to be equivalent to one or so days per month, inclusive of meetings, preparation, ad hoc conversations and occasional involvement in events or visiting some of our programmes and projects during the year.

Please click 'Redirect to recruiter’ to be redirected to the Peridot Partners website, where you can find full details of the candidate profile and register your interest to apply.

Applications close at Friday 30th January.

Do you have experience in digital and social media? Can you help us improve our communications and raise the profile of the work we do?

We are seeking an expert, creative Volunteer Digital and Social Media Lead. You will help us promote our programmes supporting people in prison and young people at risk of entering the justice system, as well as our Community Bike Shop, which funds and strengthens this work.

What you’ll do:

• Design and schedule engaging posts, stories, and reels across Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and more to grow our audience.

• Develop strategies for viral campaigns and collaborations to boost awareness and donations and share your expertise with our team.

• Analyse metrics (engagement, reach, growth) and refine tactics based on what resonates.

• Create eye-catching visuals using tools like Canva.

• Update our website as required and make suggestions for improvements.

• Work with our expert Trustee to consider how we can use online retail platforms to sell our refurbished bikes.

What we’ll provide:

· Creative freedom within agreed priorities and tone of voice.

· Access to the right tools plus shared photos, stories and impact stats.

· A named contact, light-touch sign-off, and occasional check-ins to remove blockers.

Time commitment: we’ll agree a realistic scope with the right volunteer based on their availability.

Reasonable agreed expenses will be paid.

Thank you

Mark Flannagan
Chief Executive

About us

UpCycle, works with individuals in prisons and young people at risk in marginalised communities.  We use bicycle maintenance workshops to help build life skills, enhance employability, prevent offending and reoffending, and foster social reintegration.  We also offer lead rides, bike fit-it sessions and other ways to engage with vulnerable people.

In prisons

· We delivered 956 un-refurbished bikes and received back 768 refurbished bikes across eight prisons and one Young Offenders Institution, training over 238 individuals.

In the Community

· Over 1034 bikes were donated to our Community Bike Shop, of those we refurbished and distributed more than 612 to underserved communities locally and overseas.

· Workshops in Bradford engaged 361 participants in diverse cycling-related activities across the area.

· "Bike to the Future" and other initiatives reached 220 young people with more complex needs.