Product development manager jobs

Head of Communications
Salary: Banding Level 5 £45,000 - £50,000
Contract type: Permanent / Working hours: Full time
Location: Taunton, Somerset. Opportunity for hybrid working

The Head of Communications is a fundamental role within the Somerset Wildlife Trust.

The role is responsible for leading the development and coordinated delivery of the Trust’s communications in line with the Wilder Somerset 2030 strategy. This includes identifying key audiences, crafting core messages, and selecting effective communication channels to raise awareness and understanding of the Trust’s work. The postholder will support staff across the organisation in achieving the strategy’s aims while managing a team of specialists and responding to emerging issues professionally and astutely.

Working across teams, the Head of Communications will develop and deliver an annual communications plan that meets the organisation's priorities.

Key Responsibilities and Tasks

Responsibility 1: Leadership & Cross Team Working

• Strategic Planning: Lead the development of the communications delivery plan and annual calendar, involving all areas of the Trust, defining key audiences, messages and channels with the aim of increasing awareness and understanding of the Trust. Provide effective leadership and build strong working relationships with departments across the charity to ensure integrated communications plans and campaigns are developed and implemented to achieve the maximum impact with external audiences.
• Communications Delivery Plan: Effective coordination of both messages and activity – both reactive and proactive throughout the year. Including improvements with revised website navigation and architecture, SEO improvements and content targeted at priority groups, including use of video, and influencers.
• Senior Leadership Team: Be an active member of the Senior Leadership Team taking collective responsibility for decision making, risk and budget management across the Trust. Work with the Senior Leadership Team to ensure all communications effectively contribute to and support all strategic goals of the Trust.
• Brand Marketing: Work with teams to improve our products and services and how these meet the needs of our audiences, including working with focus groups (with co-creation when relevant).
• Building Capability: Coordinate providing support and training for all staff to achieve effective communications, which supports the Trust’s overall brand and positioning, including mentoring the communications team.
• Systems & Processes: Maintain and develop systems for gathering information and communications planning within the Trust and from project partners, RSWT and SWT. Embedding into all teams’ ways of working.

Responsibility 2: Communications Delivery

• Line Management: Manage, support and develop a team of staff and volunteers to deliver the communications work programme, providing effective line management. Including the provision of specialist support and advice for the development of specific communication campaigns or tools across the organisation.
• Budgets: Ensure communication activity elsewhere in the Trust is produced within allocated budgets and timeframes.
• Performance: Set and manage KPIs and budget for communications programmes, monitoring and reporting performance and reforecasting in line with Trust requirements. Continuous improvement.
• Brand: Develop the Trust’s brand, ensuring a clear and distinctive brand proposition and engaging brand identity, which also supports the Trust as part of the Wildlife Trusts movement. Ensure the brand’s consistent use and monitor the link with the Trust strategy and values.
• Public Affairs: Oversee the PR and media relations (press office function), and act as a key charity spokesperson when required. Horizon scanning and being aware of emerging issues to develop opportunistic messages to optimise nature recovery actions.
• Crisis Management: Protect the Trust's reputation by ensuring the effectiveness of robust crisis management plans and the definition of clear policies and position statements.
• Design, Content & Print: Coordinate the Annual Report with teams and Trustees. Editor for the members’ magazine and print products to support membership retention and enable action for nature.

Responsibility 3: Campaigns for Change

• Strategic Campaign Planning: Work with our policy, advocacy and engagement specialists to design campaigns that move people through the engagement funnel, change behaviour, influence policy, and improve supporter retention. Work with the Exec Team to set campaign objectives tied to clear outcomes: acquisition, activation, retention, behaviour change, policy influence, or income generation.
• Supporter Journeys & Segmentation: Map and optimise journeys across channels (email, web, social media, print, events) with named next steps that move people toward deeper engagement and action.
• Marketing Campaign Leadership: Own the strategic design of multi-channel marketing campaigns and provide clear briefs and creative direction to the delivery team. Ensure channel integration so website journeys, email, print content and social media activity are coordinated and measurable. Keep storytelling compelling while optimising for acquisition and action.
• Advocacy & Policy Campaigns: Work across teams to design campaigns to influence systems change by leveraging our data and evidence, combining public voice, stakeholder engagement and targeted advocacy tactics.
• Behaviour Change Campaigns: Work with our engagement specialists to apply social marketing techniques and behavioural frameworks to shift norms and the adoption of actions for nature. Translate data and evidence into interventions that use communication tactics such as prompts, social proof, incentives and nudges to create measurable behaviour change.

We offer some fantastic benefits including:

• 7% employer pension contribution
• Life assurance
• Flexible and agile working
• Wellbeing support – EAP, wellbeing champions
• Diversity networks through RSWT/TWT
• Paid volunteer days
• Continuous Professional Development opportunities
• 33 days of holiday (25 + bank holidays) + Christmas shutdown
• Staff social calendar and events
• The opportunity to make a real and positive difference to nature, communities and the climate

Closing date: Monday 5th January 2026

Please note: We reserve the right to close the position early if application volumes are particularly high. We encourage you to get your application in sooner rather than later.

Interested?

If you would like to find out more, please click the apply button. You will be directed to our website to complete your application for this position.

Somerset Wildlife Trust have an Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Plan and are committed to continuing to improve the equality, diversity and inclusion of every aspect of our work; we know we need to engage with everyone to live our values and achieve our goals. We welcome applications from everyone and are happy to discuss any accommodations or arrangements that would make the recruitment process better for you, and the working environment should you be employed.

No agencies please.

At Mosaic, our mission is to provide specialist support for children and young people, when they are struggling to deal with the death of someone close to them.   We offer specialist counselling support, fun activities and advice to them and their families right across Dorset.

This role supports the charity in many important ways with lots of variety, from helping the referrals team to set up specialist counselling, liaising with funders and our volunteers, helping to organise activities and carrying out general administration tasks.

It's two days in our office in Milborne St Andrew, and a further day working from home.  You need to be happy with managing different tasks, thoughtful about how we might do more to help children and interested in being part of an organisation that supports every part of our beautiful county. 

Purpose of the job

This role is responsible for the design of UK Youth’s support to young people, youth organisations and youth workers. This could include structured youth work programmes, funding and grants+ programmes, professional development programmes, and campaigns.

You will lead and oversee end-to-end design processes, ensuring that UK Youth develops fully packaged offers that respond to the evidence base and people’s needs, drive forward our strategy and achieve incredible impact. You will work across UK Youth teams, with external design partners, and meaningfully involving young people and the professionals who support them in the design process.

You will be experienced in developing high quality funding propositions (proactively and in response to new business opportunities). You will be confident in taking a human-centred design approach to tackle some of the youth sector’s knottiest problems.  You will design solutions to important problems, ensuring that they are feasible, equitable, impactful and scalable.

In 2026, our priority topics for youth work programmes and network development are: mental health and wellbeing, employability, social cohesion and community safety.

 As a leader, you will work closely with research, evaluation, policy, service delivery, network development, and fundraising teams. You will help to improve the skills and confidence of colleagues across UK Youth to apply design methods in their own work and collaborate effectively with the Design team.

Why work at UK Youth?

UK Youth wants all young people to be equipped to thrive and empowered to contribute at every stage of their lives. Youth work can be life changing (and even life saving.) In 2026, we will be launching our new strategy, positioning UK Youth to unlock youth work so that every young person in the UK can benefit. We work with others to ensure that the youth sector is strengthened and that provision is youth-led, evidence-informed, and delivers high-quality outcomes.

 UK Youth plays a unique role in addressing the lack of investment in the youth sector, the lack of cross-sector understanding in how youth work makes a difference, and the limited opportunities to embed effective solutions. These factors lead to mass inequality of access to youth services for young people. Come and be part of this change in a driven and supportive team that puts evidence at the heart of our work.

Role Responsibilities

• Designing Solutions

• Developing new business and funding propositions

• Embedding Human Centred Design

• Building a strong external network to support the Design team’s work

• Operations

Experience we're after

• Significant experience of leading and overseeing the development of new business propositions and proposals to time-limited funding opportunities

• Significant experience of designing interventions (digital and/or physical) for young people and/or those who support them 

• Experience using human-centred-design methods and mindsets; managing projects across the end-to-end design process

• Proven track record of inspiring and motivating diverse teams and improving collaborative ways of working across teams and departments

• Experience of developing high quality programme content and curricula for young people, youth workers and/or outdoor learning instructors (desirable)

• Experience of commissioning and managing external design freelancers and consultants (desirable)

• Experience of designing and/or delivering professional development programmes (desirable)

What we can offer you

We offer a competitive range of benefits, good work/life balance, excellent learning and development opportunities and vibrant organisational culture:

• Flexible/Agile Working

• 27 days annual leave plus bank holidays (pro rata for part time employees)

• Funded training provided in; Safeguarding, GDPR, Information and Cyber Security & Equality & Diversity

• Other training available in support of your personal and professional development

• Pension scheme (currently UK Youth match employee contributions up to 5%)

• Membership of our life insurance scheme which would pay-out up to 4 times your salary

• Employee Assistance Programme to support employees both professionally and personally

• 20% discount off bookings at Avon Tyrrell, our New Forest Outdoor Centre, including camping, lodges and outdoor activities.

• IT equipment provided for the duration of contract

• CycleScheme and TechScheme

How to apply

If you would like to be considered for this fantastic opportunity, please complete an application via our completely anonymised recruitment system provided by Applied which looks to create a fair and unbiased application process for all. Scroll to the top of the page and start your application.

Closing date: Sunday 4th January 2026 at 23:59pm

Provisional Interview Dates: 12th and 13th January 2026

As this role involves working in a regulated environment with young people, any offer will be conditional to satisfactory background checks, which include criminal record check and employment reference.

Advocate

Part-time: 18.5 hours per week

Band E | £24,915 FTE | £12,457 actual salary + benefits

Hospital based with an element of home working

We have an exciting opportunity for an empathetic and caring individual to join the Patients’ Representative Service working across both Queen’s Medical Centre and Nottingham City Hospital, supporting older and vulnerable people.

Do you have the skills to represent, advocate and support people and their families, enabling them to make informed decisions around a wide variety of issues? Would you like a busy and diverse role which sees you working in hospitals, liaising with statutory and 3rd party organisations to help older and vulnerable people achieve their desired outcomes and get their voices heard? If so, we’d like to hear from you!

Candidates should have a good understanding of the needs and concerns of older and/or vulnerable people. You will be self-motivated, yet a team player, with excellent communication, organisational and strong IT skills, and be committed to the values of Age UK Notts. Experience of providing advocacy is not essential as full training will be given.

As an employee of Age UK Nottingham & Nottinghamshire, you will be eligible for our attractive package which includes 24 days annual leave (Pro Rata), public holidays, flexible working and a 4% employer contribution pension (in line with auto-enrolment rules). You will also have access to a Blue Light Card, BUPA Employee Assistance Programme and a range of retail, travel and lifestyle employee discounts.

Download the job description for full details and follow the link below to apply on our jobs page.

Closing date: 9.00am on Monday, 8th December 2025.

Age UK Notts promotes equality and diversity.

Registered Charity Number: 1067881

New Business Account Handler
Location: Lancing, West Sussex, BN15 8UW (Hybrid – minimum 3 days in the office)
Contract Type: Permanent
Hours: 35 hours per week
Salary: £26,199 per annum, Band C, Level 3

About the Role

We’re looking for an enthusiastic and confident New Business Account Handler to join our team. You’ll play a key role in driving growth by developing new insurance business for small and medium-sized charities.

This is a client-facing role where you’ll help organisations understand their insurance needs and guide them toward the right cover, all while delivering a high-quality, personalised service.

What You’ll Be Doing

• Speaking with prospective charity clients to understand their requirements
• Providing tailored advice and preparing accurate quotes
• Converting enquiries into new business and achieving set targets
• Cross-selling and up-selling to support wider business growth
• Managing the full process from initial enquiry to policy documentation

Key Responsibilities

• Handle new business enquiries from start to finish
• Follow up on leads generated through campaigns and marketing activity
• Match client needs to suitable insurance products
• Ensure all client and policy documentation is accurate and compliant
• Build strong, trust-based client relationships through excellent service

What We’re Looking For

• Some experience in commercial insurance
• A positive, client-focused attitude
• Strong communication and problem-solving skills
• Confidence working towards goals and targets
• Insurance qualifications (Cert CII or working towards it) are an advantage

What we offer as our New Business Account Handler:

• A supportive, inclusive, and collaborative team environment
• Ongoing learning and professional development opportunities
• 28 days annual leave, rising to 32 days after 2 years, plus additional time off over Christmas
• Flexible working options to suit you, your role, and your team
• A double-matched pension scheme, up to 10% employer contribution
• A family-friendly approach, with generous family leave policies

For a full list of our benefits, click .

Closing date for applications: 11:59 pm Sunday 14th December 2025

Interviews will be conducted on a rolling basis until the position has been filled.

Please note that we reserve the right to close this vacancy early should we receive enough suitable applications.

Strictly no agencies. 

The Scouts is an equal opportunities employer and we are committed to fostering an inclusive environment where everyone feels valued and empowered to contribute. We offer flexible working arrangements to support diverse needs and lifestyles, ensuring that our teams can thrive both professionally and personally. We welcome and encourage applicants from all walks of life, believing that varied perspectives strengthen our innovation and community. Your unique experiences and ideas are essential to our success, and we look forward to hearing from all voices.

Job Purpose

Within the National Influencing & Networks team, the Digital Communications Officer is responsible for delivering core communications functions. The postholder will work directly with the Director of National Influencing and Networks to plan communications activity in line with organisational objectives, and to deliver planned, regular and ad-hoc outputs. They will also work closely with the Area Engagement and Partnerships Team. It is desirable for the postholder to bring innovative video editing and production expertise, along with strong digital content creation skills, to enhance Clinks’ communications reach and impact.

Duties and key responsibilities

· Contribute to the continued development of communications outputs of relevance to the voluntary sector working in criminal justice

· Deliver Clinks’ communications functions to ensure our work and the voluntary sector is promoted in an accurate and timely manner.

· Contribute to Clinks’ communications outputs through oversight of the organisational communications planner, supporting the development of timelines and executing as appropriate

· Responsible for publication and design of organisational policy reports, e-bulletins, newsletters, blog posts, ad-hoc publications and other relevant digital outputs

· Responsible for the collation and distribution of Clinks’ Light Lunch on a weekly basis as well as newsflashes, women’s network updates and art alliance updates

· Provide communications and digital expertise to all Clinks staff, including planning of social media, publications or key deliverables including Clinks’ annual State of the sector research

· Work closely with the Membership and Digital Development Officer to ensure coordination of Clinks’ digital output, and supporting the Clinks digital era by contributing to project managed task groups from a communications perspective

· Work with Clinks’ partners on the delivery of local communications outputs

· Lead on Clinks’ regular programme of reporting and benchmarking, with relevance to communications metrics, triaging responsibility within the organisation, and escalating as appropriate, as well as liaising with third parties as needed

· Track and evaluate the impact of Clinks’ communications and digital outputs and advise colleagues accordingly

· Responsible, with the Membership and Digital Development Officer, for keeping information on the website up to date.

· Ensure the implementation of Clinks’ Content Creation Strategy and social media strategy, and contribute to development of wider organisational digital strategy

· Continuously review comms process’ and outputs to ensure a continued high standard to Clinks overall delivery

· Support fundraising activity and bid applications to help secure income for development work.

Additional responsibilities

· Contribute to team activity, including the communication of policy positions rooted in evidence, expertise and experience

· Ensure high standards across all Clinks communications products

· Support the development and operation of the various groups, networks and structures facilitated by Clinks

· Represent Clinks at external meetings and events

· Work with colleagues to maintain and develop Clinks’ database of stakeholders to support the distribution of published materials and other communications.

General responsibilities

· Represent and be an ambassador for Clinks

· Work to support the mission, ethos and values of Clinks

· Be flexible and carry out other associated duties as they may arise, develop or be assigned in line with the broad remit of the position

· Support and promote diversity and equality of opportunity in the workplace

· Work collaboratively with others in all aspects of our work.

This job description does not form part of your contract of employment and can be amended from time to time as the needs of the organisation require.

Person specification

Education and experience

• 2-3 years’ experience in a communications-related role
• Experience in innovative video editing, production, and digital content creation is highly desirable. 

Knowledge, skills and abilities

· An understanding of issues related to:

•  The role of the voluntary sector in addressing social exclusion and inequalities
• The criminal justice system, in particular prisons and probation.

· The ability to engage audiences, persuade, and encourage understanding and participation in written and/or other communications, with a focus on social media output.

· Ability to manage multiple workstreams and competing priorities

· A collaborative approach to working with colleagues

· Strong IT skills, including knowledge of Microsoft Office, and an ability to support online platforms, including Drupal and Simple News, as well as proficiency in web development

· An eye for design, with the ability to liaise with external designers and to use design software, for example InDesign to create documents and manipulate document templates and Canva to produce assets.

· Clear, concise and engaging written and online communication skills

· A scrupulous approach to proofreading and a high level of skill in written English.

· Good knowledge of social media platforms such as LinkedIn and Bluesky, how to create and schedule engaging content for social media, and how to track engagement

· Monitor feed, share content and engage with Clinks’ members via social media

Personal attributes and other requirements

· Working well in a team with a flexible approach to work

· Ability to manage multiple and sometimes competing priorities

· Personal resilience and ability to stay focused in a rapidly changing environment

· Commitment to anti-discriminatory practice and equal opportunities, including for people with lived experience of the criminal justice system

· Ability to apply awareness of diversity issues to all areas of work

· Commitment to upholding the rights of people facing disadvantage and discrimination in the criminal justice system.

About us

We’re Breast Cancer Now, the research and support charity. We’re the place to turn to for anything and everything to do with breast cancer. However you’re experiencing breast cancer, we’re here. 

The brightest minds in breast cancer research are here. Making life-saving research happen in labs across the UK and Ireland. Support services, trustworthy breast cancer information and specialist nurses are here. Ready to support you whenever you need it. Dedicated campaigners are here. Fighting for the best possible treatment, services and care for anyone affected by breast cancer.

About the role

Due to growth and investment in the team, 3 exciting opportunities have arisen to join a lively, dynamic and driven fundraising events team. Over the last decade, Breast Cancer Now has built up a strong events function, with community fundraising and events currently accounting for nearly a quarter of the charity’s overall voluntary income.

We’re now looking for 3 events assistants to play a key role within the team. Supporting the delivery of our varied portfolio of challenge events, currently comprising of walking, running, cycling, swimming and trekking challenges. You’ll engage hundreds of fundraisers, acting as a first point of contact and an ambassador for the organisation to excite and retain our supporters. You’ll also have the opportunity to lead on your own project.

These roles play a vital part in the events team and are perfect for someone getting started in their fundraising career.

About you

We’re looking for 3 individuals with excellent attention to detail and a passion for charity fundraising. An understanding of and experience with administrative tasks such as data entry and working in a fast-paced environment is desirable.

You’ll be a first point of contact with hundreds of our supporters, many of whom will be in touch via email, phone or social media, so an understanding of using these channels and delivering customer service, particularly in the charity sector, is preferable. You should also have a demonstrable ability to work to deadlines and have experience working as part of a team.

We’re a dedicated team with our supporters at the heart of what we do, if you have an interest in charity fundraising, administration, and supporter experiences then this could be the role for you.

Job description and benefits

Please download the job description and our attractive benefits package.

Primary location of role and hybrid working

This role is primarily based in our London office. Our hybrid working model allows you to work up to 3 days per week at home.

When applying

We hope you choose to apply for this role. To support your application, you’ll be asked to submit your anonymised CV and a supporting statement. Please refer to the essential criteria on the person specification and clearly provide as much information as you can with examples, to demonstrate how and where you meet the criteria. If you’ve any immediate questions please contact the Breast Cancer Now recruitment team

Our commitment to equity, diversity and inclusion

We’re committed to promoting equity, valuing diversity and creating an inclusive environment – for everyone who works for us, works with us, supports us and who we support.

Closing date: Thursday 11 December 2025 9am

Interview date: 16 and 17 December 2025

We reserve the right to close this advert early. Therefore, to avoid disappointment please submit your application as soon as possible, if you’re interested in this opportunity.

We Are Survivors provide survivor-focused therapeutic and advocacy support to male (including Trans and Non-binary) victims/survivors, and their loved ones, of sexual harms. We have developed a three-tiered approach to services and underpin everything we do with a ‘trauma and recovery’ framework pioneered by Dr Judith Herman.

We are currently commissioned to deliver trauma-informed therapy services in 15 prisons across the Northwest of England and we require postings in our prisons across Merseyside, Lancaster and Cheshire. Please note we have no vacancies in our Greater Manchester prisons.

You will be a qualified counsellor / psychotherapist who holds at least a Diploma in Counselling / Psychotherapy or equivalent and be registered with BACP or equivalent (preferably an accredited member). You will understand issues relating to trauma, be able to work as part of a team and feel confident working in a prison setting. You will hold a full driving licence, have access to a vehicle and be within a reasonable commute to estates.

You will be able to lead peer-mentoring support to trauma-informed therapists, deliver trauma-informed therapeutic services, lead accurate clinical record keeping of therapeutic service interventions, lead the supervision of therapeutic services waiting lists and undertake specific therapeutic projects as directed by the Executive Team.

Why Join Us?

· a competitive salary.

· annual leave package with incremental rises plus bank holidays.

· company sick pay.

· Birthday annual leave.

· monthly clinical supervision.

· pension contribution.

· and a range of discount and benefit programmes.

How to Apply

Apply by sending your CV and a short supporting statement (max 2 page) and see the Role Profile for more information

Interviews are expected to take place on 19th December 2025

For informal queries, contact Aisling Coogen, Services Manager.

By applying for the any of the above roles, you confirm that you have read and agree to our Privacy Notice 

Equal Opportunities

We are proud to be an equal opportunities employer. We actively encourage applications from people with lived experience, people from underrepresented backgrounds, and those who identify as LGBTQ+, disabled, or from Black, Asian or minoritised communities.

Join our Stories Team and help amplify the voices of patients and fundraisers, showcasing the impact of The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity. Collaborate across departments to deliver inspiring campaigns and case studies that raise awareness and drive action. Be part of a rewarding career where your work supports The Royal Marsden to save the lives of people affected by cancer, everywhere.

What You’ll Be Doing

• Collaborating across the Charity and the hospital to identify opportunities where patient and supporter stories can amplify fundraising and awareness.
• Interviewing patients, families, and supporters to create powerful stories for fundraising materials, campaigns, and digital platforms.
• Building and stewarding relationships with case studies, ensuring diversity, representation, and sensitive management across all communications.
• Reviewing and shaping case study briefs to ensure clear objectives and agreed criteria are met.
• Maintaining and auditing the case study database to keep an up‑to‑date, ethically managed bank of stories and images.
• Working with colleagues in the PR, fundraising, marketing and digital teams to showcase stories across channels, support events, and maximise the Charity’s impact.

 What We’re Looking For

• A natural storyteller with strong copywriting, interviewing, and editing skills, able to craft powerful patient and supporter stories across digital, print and campaign channels. 

• A relationship builder with excellent interpersonal skills, empathy and resilience, who can connect sensitively with case studies while maintaining professional boundaries. 

• A creative communicator who can interpret briefs, tailor content for diverse audiences and showcase stories that drive engagement, fundraising and brand awareness. 

• A collaborative team player who thrives on working with colleagues across fundraising, marketing and PR and communications, building strong relationships and sharing ideas to create impactful stories together. 

Why Join Us?

We’re a values-driven charity committed to saving the lives of people with cancer everywhere by funding life-saving research and world-leading treatment and care at The Royal Marsden. You’ll be part of a collaborative team that’s ambitious, kind, and purposeful – with the flexibility to work in a way that suits you.

 What we offer:

• Hybrid working between home and Chelsea with occasional travel to Sutton.
• Flexible working around our core hours of 10am to 4pm
• 27 days annual leave rising with length of service
• Up to 6% employer contributions subject to matched contribution from you (increasing with length of service)
• Training, support and development opportunities
• Access to the blue light discount scheme and other discounts opportunities
• Access to subsidised staff restaurants, on-site yoga and wellbeing classes, staff choir and much more
• Range of wellbeing initiatives including access to an employee assistance programme designed to save money and improve your physical, financial and mental health and wellbeing, access to free online GP appointments and free eye tests and contribution towards any glasses required for work purposes

Inclusion Matters

We are committed to building a diverse and inclusive workforce that reflects the communities we serve. We welcome applications from all backgrounds and walks of life. If this sounds like the opportunity for you, we’d love to hear from you.

Please note: To avoid disappointment, you are advised to submit your application as soon as possible as we reserve the right to close the vacancy early if a high volume of applications is received. This is to ensure that we can manage application levels whilst maintaining a positive candidate experience. Unfortunately, once a vacancy has closed, we are unable to consider further applications.