Project manager volunteer roles in clerkenwell, greater london

Job Purpose

One Place London is a community interest company located in West London engaged in Acting for Film and Music Recording workshops for young people aged 14-25, unemployed or at risk of getting involved in crime. The Social Media Executive will be instrumental in driving the digital presence of our client’s brand. Your primary focus will be on developing engaging content that effectively communicates the uniqueness of our projects, films and music and collaborating with influencers and brand ambassadors to enhance visibility and influence in the market. This Social Media Executive job is remote work where you will be collaborating with influencers/ambassadors creating content.

Main Duties & Responsibilities

- Strategize and execute innovative social media marketing campaigns

- Produce compelling content that showcases the innovative aspects of the products

- Partner with influencers and ambassadors to maximize reach and engagement

- Monitor and analyze performance metrics to refine strategies and boost interaction

Person Specification & Key Competencies

Qualifications and Experience:

•  Experience of working with external creative agencies. 
* Experience executing Facebook and Instagram lives. 
* Experience taking part in workshops with internal social media stakeholders. 
* Writing briefs and working with campaign case studies to develop content.
* Writing social media monthly reports for organic activity.
* Team player who can manage their own time and workload effectively. 
* Proactive self-starter. 

Personal Attributes

- Creative and strategic thinkers with excellent storytelling abilities

- Experienced professionals in social media management and content creation

- Individuals with a deep understanding of current social media trends and influencer collaboration

- Team players who thrive in a dynamic environment

Benefits

• Career progression opportunities

• Flexible/Agile Working, Hourly pay rate during the workshops on a Contract/ Self-Employed basis.

• Employee Assistance Programme to support employees.

Join Our Board – Make a Lasting Impact!

As part of our ongoing commitment to strong and effective governance, we are actively seeking passionate and dedicated individuals to join our Board of Trustees. This is an exciting opportunity to play a vital role in shaping our organisation’s future and making a meaningful difference in the communities we serve.

We are particularly looking for individuals who can:
✅ Help address the current challenges in social housing
✅ Provide continuity in financial expertise to support sustainable growth
✅ Strengthen our governance, regulation compliance and safeguarding knowledge and practices to protect those we serve

By joining our welcoming and inclusive Board, you will have the opportunity to collaborate with like-minded individuals, influence key decisions, and contribute to a cause that truly matters.

Our Trustee application pack is now available on our website, and we are actively in the process sharing this opportunity across our social media channels, including LinkedIn.

Together, we can create positive change. Thank you for your support!

��‍�� React Native Developer Volunteer – Join the Movement Behind MVP 2

Unify Giving is on a mission to change everything about giving — how it’s done, how it’s received, and how it’s perceived.

We’re building a world where people experiencing homelessness can receive digital donations with dignity, transparency, and choice — and we’re already live on the App Store. But now, we’re taking it further.

�� MVP 2 is here.
We’ve added powerful new features to give both donors and recipients the best possible experience — and we need your help to bring it to life.

✨ What you’ll do:

• Join our small but mighty team to help build and release MVP 2 of our React Native app.

• Collaborate with our designers, product leads, and community team to improve UX across the board.

• Work on meaningful features that directly impact people experiencing homelessness.

�� What we’re looking for:

• Experience in React Native, with solid understanding of mobile app dev (iOS & Android).]

• A belief that tech can be used for real, tangible good in the world.

�� Why it matters:

This isn’t just another side project. Unify Giving is already being used by real people across the UK. Your code could help someone access food, warmth, or support when they need it most.

�� What you’ll get:

• A chance to work on a live tech-for-good product.

• Your name in the credits (yes, we mean it).

• Weekly team check-ins, support from our founder, and full creative input.

• A front-row seat to building something that genuinely helps people — and is scaling fast.

The Brompton Fountain is a children's charity working with those impacted by heart and lung conditions in Royal Brompton and Harefield hospital. Our charity provides a wide range of vital resources, services, parent/carer amenities, and accommodation. We also fund medical equipment, facilities improvements and projects outside of the NHS remit. We are currently looking for a voluntary In-Patient Services Officer to help our organisation support the children and their families on the wards of our hospitals by distributing/providing resources/services to improve the quality of their stay in our hospitals.

Of Note: This role entails interacting and seeing children who can be very sick. This is understandably very sad and can be distressing to witness. Please make sure you are able to cope with this before applying.

We would like the volunteer to help with:

• Distribution of resources to patients and families on the ward e.g care packages and food vouchers.

• Being a point of contact for families in hospital to talk to.

• Supporting in-hospital socials.

• The tea and coffee service we deliver on the wards.

• Communicating with families who may share personal stories related to the charity. Feeling comfortable and confident to speak to people about our charity and what we do.

You will be supporting our Community Lead and Children and Families Service Lead who will provide an overview of our existing processes and be there to help you every step of the way. The Brompton Fountain has a strong team of staff and volunteers who you will be working collaboratively with as a team to support the families we are in contact with.

Your input will greatly affect the patients and their families lives whilst they are staying with us. With your help we will be able to provide them with the resources they need whilst staying with us and create a strong support system for them here in the hospitals.

Criteria

We are looking for a volunteer who has:

• Is an empathetic and compassionate person who is willing to have discussions with families around topics like health issues, additional needs, and bereavement.

• Confident and proactive.

• Flexible and adaptive.

• Understands the resource constraints of a small charity and is able to work with these.

• Is willing to have an enhanced DBS check.

• Is willing to partake in safeguarding training.

• Is willing to partake in onboarding training to understand our charity and the mission in more detail.

• Must be over 18.

Location

Mostly on-site at Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, London SW3 6NP. If willing and able, off-site support at community and fundraising events would be appreciated. 

Time

Due to our mission, we would greatly appreciate at least 6 weeks of your time, preferably more; working 3-7 hours one day a week. We are an understanding and flexible organisation, and would be happy to discuss options with you. 

We are seeking a corporate fundraising volunteer to support our charity’s growth. This role offers an excellent opportunity to shape our charity’s future while contributing to a meaningful cause.

We’re a small charity that supports women at the most vulnerable times of their lives: becoming a teenager, a parent and during midlife, when suicide rates are at their highest. We do this through counselling, coaching, therapeutic groups, wellbeing days and nutritionist support.

What impact will you have?

Help us shape our new corporate offer and your support will help us reach more women seeking mental health support.

Description

We are looking for a volunteer who can support us in creating:

· Help us to develop a corporate fundraising offer

· Identify potential corporate partner prospects

· Support with creating tailored proposals and presentations backed by insight and storytelling

· Seek local networking opportunities

· Help in planning and delivering key corporate events

· Contribute to cultivation plans for senior leaders within corporate partners

Skills

· At least three years’ experience working for a charity in partnerships

· Experience managing corporate partnerships, supporting or managing charity of the year, or strategic giving partnerships

· Excellent relationship-building skills

· Creative thinker with the ability to identify different opportunities within a project or partnership

· Experience of problem-solving and implementing solutions

· Good writing skills and communication skills with an eye for detail

· Strong prospect research, networking, and pipeline management skills

· Strong team player who is self-motivated, enthusiastic and passionate about working for Release Therapy for Women

Climate and nature are urgent, motivating issues, so we attract great volunteers. We want to fulfil our potential by making sure we get the best out of our fantastic people and all the future ones we attract by keeping them happy and active. That is the role.

What will you be doing?

EcoCounts is a group of volunteers working together to embody EcoCore’s approach to the climate crisis. EcoCore covers a lot of ground because the climate and biodiversity crisis is so all-encompassing, which means we have a lot of varied and different volunteer tasks available, ranging from carbon footprint data collection, setting up sub-teams of friends or colleagues or doing social media or running workshops. 

Your responsibilities would be to create volunteer tasks from our work streams, which would include things like: 

• creating a role description for each volunteer task to give a good outline of everything required and expected

• keeping track of what volunteers are active on

• encouraging and inspiring volunteers to deliver on commitments

• creating an incentives or rewards framework for volunteers, potentially working with supporting businesses to agree on gift vouchers, tokens etc

• managing a small budget

• building up a social network with events, collaborations and other inputs

• using our social media accounts to advertise, to celebrate achievements etc

• help other directors, trustees & secretary keep reporting, stats, and feedback on activities up-to-date

Goals

1. Our 2025 target is 100 people doing their carbon footprints

2. We’re looking for 20 coordinators

3. We have about a dozen volunteering roles to fill beyond the two above

What are we looking for?

1. You should be a people-person with experience of managing people. You should be happy to put in the time and effort communicating with the volunteers both all-together and individually in a way that gets the best results from them.

2. Personal change is only one of the five ways that we can change society - we don't focus on personal change alone, we want to change our community, our local businesses and our local government.

3. You should check out our manifesto on the About page to make sure you agree with the ways we advocate for the way forward in the climate crisis – are you happy what we suggest is one of the best approaches?

What difference will you make?

Society has got itself into a dangerous situation with the climate crisis and EcoCounts aims to create a way out. We need all sorts of different people, not just climate nerds and sustainability fanatics, although of course that doesn't hurt. The person we need right now is someone who knows what people need to keep them happy and effective as a volunteer for us.

Being a volunteer-based organisation at this stage still, that might make the volunteer chief of staff the most important person we have. Of course we all consider each other equal. Being small and dynamic means EcoCounts can offer the flexibility for you to do an excellent and fulfilling job.

Rewards

Once you have found your feet, we can offer references, recommendations or certifications on any of the public platforms that we use, like Linkedin and Reach Volunteer. We are also building a social network and plans for regular events, so we hope you will also find our group socially rewarding.

Do you enjoy organising things and making this happen?

Are you able to volunteer a few hours a week?

Yes? We’d love to hear from you.

We’re looking for admin volunteers to help with our daily operations.  We have a variety of ways you can get involved:

• Responding to client requests and enquiries
• Fundrasing and partnership management
• Managing and updating company databases
• Keeping track of partnership enquiries
• Maintaining internal, volunteer, and client records
• Drafting and mailing client correspondence and newsletters
• Organising events, scheduling meetings, and making travel arrangements
• Providing administrative support to other departments or projects as needed
• Performing other duties as agreed in advance

We’ve designed our volunteering programme to be flexible and adaptive to you.  All volunteering is 100% remote and you’re supported fully by our team.  You control what you do and how many hours per week you want to volunteer.  Some roles may require an Enhanced DBS check. If your application is successful, we will ask for a donation towards the cost of your enhanced DBS check if it's required for your role. This cost is £20.60.

Here’s some further information on what’s needed:

Are you over 18 and living in the UK?

You must be over the 18 years of age and live permanently in the UK.  You must be a UK resident to apply for this role.

Do you have a laptop?

A laptop and a quiet space to volunteer is essential.

How much time can you give?

A minimum of 2 hours per week is required. We are flexible and like to work around you.

Training

We provide CPD accredited training with 3 short courses needing to be completed prior starting your volunteer role.  After, you’ll have access to over 90 CPD accredited courses should you want to study further.

Keychange is a Christian charity with a rich legacy of providing the best quality residential care and support to older people and homeless women.

We currently operate seven residential care communities for older people and two housing communities supporting women and young people who have experienced homelessness or trauma. In the past year alone, we’ve provided care and support for 245 older people and 69 women and young people across our centres. With a dedicated team of around 250 staff and an annual turnover of £9.6 million, we are committed to transforming lives through the power of community. As a Christian charity, we are motivated by the love of Jesus to support people. Our mission is to create communities where each person is supported, valued and known.

Over the past few years, Keychange has undergone a significant and successful transformation. This has included strengthening governance, aligning operations and finance, and embedding a culture of openness, collaboration and collective accountability across all levels of the organisation. As a result, Keychange has increased care home occupancy to over 90%, streamlined its services, and is now well-positioned for future growth and innovation.

This is an exciting opportunity to contribute to a values-driven charity with a renewed sense of purpose, and a clear strategic direction aimed at deepening its impact and building on its legacy of care and community.

We are looking to appoint 3-4 Trustees with experience in the following specialist areas:

· Finance and Commercial: Capital financing, property development, or redevelopment of care facilities,

·Homelessness: Experience in services supporting women, particularly those affected by domestic violence or trauma,

· Fundraising: Capital campaigns or charitable trusts and grant-making bodies,

· Digital: Tech solutions that improve care delivery or operational efficiency.

These posts are subject to an occupational requirement that the holders are practising Christians under Part 1 of Schedule 9 to the Equality Act 2010.

Spectra is a Community Interest Company (CIC), working to improve the choices, health, and well-being of structurally excluded communities across London, particularly in relation to their sexual health, emotional resilience, and well-being, and to combat isolation and minimise risk.

Under the steer of its Chief Executive and Board of Directors, Spectra’s outstanding staff team provides supportive, knowledgeable, and non-judgemental services, all of which are peer-led, meaning they are delivered by people with lived and learned experience. Spectra strives to proactively identify the needs of all its service users, supporting them appropriately and effectively.

We are now seeking suitably experienced and committed individuals to join our Board as Directors of the CIC.

Director with Fundraising Experience: You will provide strategic direction for the organisation around fundraising, including helping to shape and support our fundraising strategy around diversifying our funds and growing our individual giving. You will support Spectra’s delivery of statutory and grant-funded services, help us in advancing our vision, and provide constructive scrutiny and oversight of the Chief Executive and the work of Spectra’s staff.

Director with Communications, Marketing, and PR Experience: You will provide strategic direction for the organisation around communications, marketing, and PR. You will support our plans to increase our reach and brand, further our communications work and strategy, including social media marketing and campaigning, and enhance our PR opportunities. You will support Spectra’s delivery of statutory and grant-funded services, help us in advancing our vision, and provide constructive scrutiny and oversight of the Chief Executive and the work of Spectra’s staff.

Spectra is based in Vauxhall, South London. It is expected that you will attend five meetings (in the evening, currently online on a Monday evening) and two SMT/Board Away Days each year (currently in person). In addition, it is envisaged that you will contribute your expertise outside of Board meetings on occasion, e.g., to review service or planning reports, to input into a focus group, etc.

Longleigh Foundation is a grant-making charity working to improve the lives and wellbeing of people living in social housing across the UK. From emergency grants that keep people afloat, to funding pioneering research that addresses systemic inequalities, we’re committed to transforming lives and influencing lasting change.

With our new strategy launching this summer, we’re looking for three new Trustees to join our dedicated Board and help drive our next phase of growth and impact.

We’re particularly seeking experience in:

· Finance and Accounting

· Investments

· HR / OD / People Management

· Governance, ideally with a charity setting

· Customer Services / Social Investment within Social Housing

…but above all, we want people who share our vision, values and commitment to social justice.

We warmly welcome applications from individuals with lived experience of social housing and from under-represented communities, especially those identifying as Black, Asian or from other minority ethnic backgrounds.

What you’ll bring:

• Integrity and sound judgement
• Strategic thinking
• Commitment to our mission and values
• Willingness to contribute your skills and time

Trustees serve an initial term of three years, renewable for up to two further terms. Most meetings are virtual, making this an accessible and flexible opportunity.

Why join us?

• Be part of an ambitious and compassionate charity
• Influence real change in the social housing sector
• Learn and grow alongside a skilled and passionate Board

Make a tangible difference to people’s lives.

�� Volunteer React Native Developer

Organisation: Running Mammals Ltd (ROOTED)

Location: Remote (UK-based applicants preferred, open to others)

Time Commitment: Part-time / Flexible

Duration: 2–4 months (with potential for extension)

Expenses: Unpaid (volunteer basis)

�� About Us

ROOTED is an emotional support app designed to help people navigate everyday emotional challenges through real-time, AI-powered conversations. Built by a cross-disciplinary team of psychologists, technologists and creatives, ROOTED offers a deeply personal and intuitive mental well-being experience — not just as a tool, but as a companion.

We’ve launched our web version, and now we’re bringing the experience to mobile, starting with React Native (iOS-first).

At the heart of ROOTED is RuMa (Running Mammals) – our proprietary conversational AI, built using cutting-edge LLMs, designed to reflect and respond to human emotion with empathy and insight.

�� The Role

We’re looking for a passionate React Native Developer to join our early-stage team on a volunteer basis. You’ll be helping us bring mental health support to life on mobile, working alongside a small but committed team who care deeply about design, technology, and emotional wellbeing.

What you’ll do:

• Build and structure the ROOTED mobile app from the ground up (iOS-first)

• Develop a real-time chat interface integrated with WebSocket

• Implement REST API integrations (auth, emotion tracking, chat logs)

• Align shared state management with the existing Zustand + TypeScript system

• Collaborate with our AI and design teams to deliver emotionally aware UI/UX

• Optimise performance for cross-platform compatibility (Android optional)

��️ Tech Stack

• React Native (TypeScript)

• Zustand / Redux Toolkit / MobX

• Axios + Socket. io-client

• Node.js, Express, Prisma, MySQL, Redis (existing backend)

• iOS native modules, APNs (push notifications)

�� Ideal Candidate

We’re looking for someone who is:

• Experienced (ideally 3+ years) in React Native and TypeScript

• Familiar with building chat apps or real-time communication tools

• Comfortable with startup environments — fast, iterative, collaborative

• Motivated by mission and social impact — you care about mental health

• Self-driven and communicative, able to work remotely with flexibility

Bonus if you’ve worked with:

• Push notifications (APNs, Firebase)

• CodePush or OTA update workflows

• Emotionally aware design or digital therapeutics

�� Why Join ROOTED?

• Be part of a purpose-driven mental health tech project

• Gain ownership, recognition, and real-world impact

• Flexible remote work and an open, kind team culture

• Co-create something meaningful that could support thousands

�� Interested?

Please email with a brief introduction and any relevant links (e.g., GitHub, portfolio, LinkedIn).

We believe in code and compassion — and we’d love to hear from you.

Fundraisers wanted to support East London Waterworks Park in developing and implementing our fundraising strategy.

East London Waterworks Park is a volunteer-led charity that has won a 2024 New London Architecture award and raised £2m towards buying land from the Department for Education to transform the 14-acre Thames Water Depot on Lea Bridge Road on the border of Waltham Forest and Hackney, into a new biodiverse park with natural swimming ponds, forest schools and community spaces. 

We are looking for fundraisers to contribute to our community-led fundraising strategy, to develop relationships with funders and to write funding applications. 

You would join our fundraising circle, which coordinates our fundraising efforts. It is currently exploring grant opportunities and developing relationships with businesses and other funders. We meet online on Google Meet and volunteers complete agreed tasks remotely. 

If you have experience in writing grants and funding applications, corporate fundraising, philanthropy, or any other aspect of fundraising, it would be great to hear from you. 

We are keen fundraisers but we are lacking professional expertise and experience and we would love your help and input. We would welcome one-off advice on the phone or in person, as well as longer term volunteers. 

We would also love to hear from potential volunteers without experience but with transferable skills.

East London Waterworks Park is an exciting and ambitious project. Without funding we won’t be able to make it happen, so you will be directly contributing to the creation of a new biodiverse community-owned park with free access natural swimming ponds.

Join Us as a Charity Trustee: Help Shape the Future of Befriending 

Are you passionate about building a more connected society, where no one feels forgotten or alone? 

Befriending Networks, the world’s largest network of befriending projects, is recruiting two trustees to help us champion the vital role of befriending in reducing loneliness and social isolation.

Around 1 in 6 people worldwide experience loneliness. Befriending services respond to this need by matching people in their communities for planned social activities that build meaningful connections.

Befriending Networks supports over 300 member organisations to deliver quality befriending services, through sector-specific training, events, resources, awards and 1:1 support. 

As a Befriending Networks trustee, you will be part of a welcoming and active board that enables befriending services across the UK and beyond to thrive. You will join us at an exciting time, as we begin to deliver our next strategic steps as an organisation. 

Following a recent board skills review, we are seeking two individuals who can offer skills in the following areas: 

• Income generation – This trustee will have an enterprising mindset, with experience of strategic fundraising, working with grantmakers, trusts and foundations or devising corporate sponsorships. Their guidance will help our charity to move into new ways of generating income, allowing us to become more resilient and advance our vision for a society where the importance of meaningful connections is valued. 
   
• Sector influence and advocacy – This trustee will be a great communicator, with a skill for forming and sustaining effective relationships. They will have a broad professional network which might include national or international connections. They may have connections which include the private sector, academia, thinktanks or investors interested in making social impact. Their experience might include research, policy making or campaigning. Their guidance will help us advocate for the befriending sector with greater impact and effectiveness. 

By joining the Befriending Networks board, you will play an integral role in moving our charity forward and helping us champion the impact of befriending on loneliness and isolation.  If you have the skills we’re looking for and are energised by working collaboratively to help organisations (and others) succeed, we’d love to hear from you. 

We are keen to hear from applicants with diverse lived experiences, especially those currently underrepresented in trustee boards. No previous board experience is required and you do not need to meet all requirements listed in the role descriptions to apply. 

Location: Remote/UK-wide (with one in-person meeting in Edinburgh per year) 
Time commitment: Approximately 4-6 hours per month. We have 6 board meetings per year (5 online and 1 in-person) 

Applications close: Monday 18th August 2025 

Our Board Executive will review all expressions of interest and will want to set up an online call with applicants to discuss their suitability for the role.

We are looking for a dynamic and self-motivated Fundraising Intern to join our team from September-December 2025. This role is ideal for someone passionate about fundraising campaigns, school partnerships, and exploring and shaping the future of education!

About this role

Location: Remote Working (Any Location)

Reporting to: Head of Philanthropy

Mode: Voluntary

Hours of work: 8 hours/week, Flexible

You will work closely with our Head of Philanthropy to lead the involvement of schools in our fundraising campaign for 2025, which will focus on building the future of education through LEGO! This will feed into the Big Give Campaign, enabling you to learn about campaign management, communications and partnerships development in a supportive, innovative and inspiring team context.

About EduSpots

EduSpots is an innovative, dynamic, and community-oriented UK and Ghanaian registered charity which connects, trains, and equips grassroots voluntary educators (named ‘Catalysts’) to drive community-led change through education spaces named ‘Spots’. Our vision is of a world in which communities unite to create the futures they want to see, through education.

Since 2016, through collaborating with over 400 local voluntary community educators and actors – named ‘Catalysts’ – who take a central leadership role in the development of the network, we have supported 50 communities in creating and running community-led and owned education spaces named ‘Spots’’. Together, we are developing a model for a community-led education space with accompanying network engagement that could have global relevance. 

Our Ghana-based team creates collaborative learning opportunities through three leadership programmes for Catalysts, which are increasingly facilitated by the EduSpots app: the Ignite, Catalyse and Inspire Mentoring Programmes. These enable the Catalysts to lead EduKidz (early years education), DigLit (digital literacy), EcoSTEM (STEM and environmental education), and Ignite Equity (gender equity) clubs for learners typically aged 3-16, alongside locally designed education projects, reaching over 10,000 learners of all ages annually. 

We are in an exciting period of our development, having more than doubled our income, programme breadth and reach in the two years, with a recent independent evaluation by Expectation State offering further evidence in support of our model’s outcomes. We have recently been selected for two accelerator programmes, who are supporting us as we consider the scaling potential of our model.

We won the Tes International Award in 2018 and the Big Give Supporters’ Choice Award in 2022, and we were recently selected as a finalist for the 2023 Their World Scale-Up Innovation Prize. In 2021, our Founder was a Finalist in UNESCO-backed The Varkey Foundation’s $1 million Global Teacher Prize.

We are excited by our future. 

Role Overview

As Fundraising Intern, you will:

• Promote our Future of Education LEGO Challenge with schools, students, community groups, universities, and corporates.
• Manage relationships with all those involved in the campaign.
• Offering support with fundraising strategies and EduSpots materials.
• Track income through the challenge, managing a campaign database.
• Support online informational sessions, involving Programmes Team members.
• Supporting the wider fundraising team with research, communications and administrative tasks.

You’ll join a supportive, impact-driven team committed to educational transformation through grassroots leadership and collaboration. You will join organisational professional development sessions and gain direct insight into the running of EduSpots’ community-driven network for future-ready education!

Personal specification

• A strong understanding of how to involve young people in social change projects, with some experience in fundraising.
• Strong communication skills – e.g. written and verbal in English with skills in relationship development and management.
• Strong IT skills – e.g. ability to use Microsoft Office, Google Drive, social media, etc.
• An ability to work highly independently with minimal support, with the proactivity to reach out to team members when necessary
• A genuine interest in learning about education and international development, and communications.
• A team player, willing to listen to others and respond to feedback quickly.
• An ability to use Canva design software is desirable, or else a willingness to learn.
• A genuine passion for making a tangible impact on educational opportunity through this role.
• You will likely have a degree in an area relating to education and/or international development or communications.
• A desire to be part of a supportive and passionate education community, with a specific interest in community-led change.
• Be willing to communicate via WhatsApp and use Google Drive

We would like the selected interns to start immediately and by the start of September. The internship is likely to run from September-December in support of the LEGO Future of Education Campaign, but outstanding interns are given an opportunity to extend their placements.