Senior engineer jobs in Birmingham
CEO
We are seeking an experienced and motivated leader to guide a purposeful organisation through its next chapter.
Location: Fully remote within the UK with occasional national travel
Salary: £55,000 to £65,000
Contract: Full time, permanent
Benefits: Pension, generous annual leave, Christmas closure, family leave and sickness policies available on request
Closing date: Monday 9th February
THE OPPORTUNITY
We are looking for a new CEO! Can you uphold the thoughtful shaping and delivery of an impactful charity? Do you have senior experience in a purpose-led organisation with financial and business skills you can bring? Then you might be the right person to guide this team.
This is a great opportunity to make a life-changing difference to people living with disability!
If this is something you are passionate about, then a CEO role is a great way to use your professional experience to be a nationwide change-maker.
ABOUT THE ORGANISATION
Whether it’s mobility, daily living, or hobbies and sports, the charity creates solutions that change lives. At the heart of their work is designing and building custom made equipment, tailored to each person’s unique needs.
Volunteers bring together creativity, technical skills, and problem-solving expertise, including metalwork, carpentry, electronics, computer programming, and 3D printing, to deliver solutions that can’t be found anywhere else.
IF YOU JOIN THE TEAM…
You’ll have the rare chance to take the helm of a charity with a powerful social mission and build on their proud 60-year history, stewarding them into a new era of growth. A vibrant, passionate community of innovators and problem solvers will be right there with you.
You’ll join the vision for the charity to be a place where people of all ethnicities and backgrounds feel welcomed to work, volunteer or seek help. The organisation encourages flexible working and a culture that prioritises people, wellbeing, and collaboration.
WHO WE’RE LOOKING FOR
We are searching for a CEO who can help ensure REMAP remains resilient, relevant, and well-prepared to respond to emerging pressures and opportunities.
We are particularly seeking someone:
- Who will strengthen financial sustainability and income generation
- Has a proven track record of senior responsibility
- Energise and support a nationwide volunteer community – strengthening relationships between central staff and locally rooted branches
You do not need to meet every requirement to be considered. If you can demonstrate the experience, passion, and capability to lead with purpose, we encourage you to apply.
WHAT’S NEXT
If you are excited by this opportunity and ready to bring energy and expertise to a mission-driven organisation, we would love to hear from you.
Other roles you may have experience of could include: Chief Executive, Executive Director, Managing Director, Head of Operations, Director of Services, Director of Strategy, Director of Programmes, Operations Director, Charity Director, Social Impact Director, Senior Leader, Development Director, Leadership Consultant, Transformation Lead, Governance and Strategy Lead #INDNFP
PLEASE NOTE: This role is being advertised by NFP People on behalf of the organisation.
REMAP exists to improve the quality of life for people who experience short or long-term disability through infirmity, illness or ageing.
Using Anonymous Recruitment
This organisation is using Anonymous Recruitment to reduce bias in the first stages of the hiring process. Submit your application as normal and our system will anonymise it for you. Your personal information will be hidden until the recruiter contacts you.
Role Purpose
The Nuclear Institute benefits from a broad and growing membership base, with our enthusiastic and knowledgeable volunteers operating nine UK regional branches and more than seven Special Interest Groups (SIG). You will be pivotal to the delivery of the activities and events of each branch and SIG, sharing best practice and developing new network initiatives. The role will strengthen volunteer engagement and help to maximise volunteering satisfaction. Nuclear Institute communities foster connection, collaboration, and professional development, helping NI become a stronger professional home for nuclear professionals.
Job Description and Job Specification
Job title: Communities Officer
Contract: Permanent
Working pattern: Full-time, flexible hours with a 9-day in 10-day work pattern
Salary: £25,000 per annum
Annual leave entitlement: 25 days plus bank holidays.
Location: Wholly remote, UK based, with frequent travel
Reporting to: Events and Communities Manager
Key Tasks
Volunteer Engagement and Support
· Develop and grow the engagement in branches & SIGs and support volunteers to build new groups and networks.
· Build strong relationships with each branch and SIG community, providing administration support for their meetings and activities.
· With support, develop and deliver our annual in-person Volunteer Awards and annual in-person Volunteer Forum event.
· Work with the Communities and Events Manager to develop and deliver branch events and SIG conferences.
· Engage our volunteers with regular virtual ‘keep in touch’ meetings and other activities designed to maximise their satisfaction in their volunteer role – and share best practice across the networks.
· Create regular communications to engage and update our volunteers.
Community Development
· Support our communities with the development of their annual budgets and help them develop ideas for new, year-round activities to maximise member engagement and volunteer satisfaction.
· Identify opportunities for new communities and initiatives designed to broaden and grow our membership.
Operational Support
· Ensure our CRM is kept up to date with current volunteer details for each community.
· Work with each community to ensure their Terms of Reference are current and support their AGMs as required.
· Create volunteer resources, including a handbook to support and guide our volunteers to fulfil their roles successfully.
· Work with the Marketing and Communications Manager ensure communities have the digital branding and branded merchandise required, and access to their community email and community SharePoint areas.
Personal Specification
Essential experience
· Experience in a volunteer engagement role.
· Experience delivering events, both in person and virtual.
· Some experience using CRMs and reporting software.
Essential skills and knowledge
· Excellent written and verbal communication skills.
- Strong interpersonal and engagement skills.
- Ability to manage multiple projects and stakeholders.
- Strong time management and organisational skills.
- Ability to manage competing priorities in a small team environment.
Essential Behaviours
- Takes ownership and accountability for delivery.
- Works collaboratively across multiple volunteer communities.
- Demonstrates an inclusive approach to working.
- Comfortable engaging senior stakeholders with credibility.
Desirable experience
· Experience of working with event management systems and applications.
· Experience working in or with the nuclear, energy, engineering or infrastructure sectors.
· Knowledge of professional bodies, CPD frameworks or membership models.
Flexibility and accessibility
We offer flexible hours and remote working options to accommodate individual needs. This role is wholly remote and can be carried out anywhere in the UK, with frequent travel especially to London and Manchester.
Support is available for remote workers who require specific adjustments, including ergonomic equipment or assistive technologies.
Commitment to inclusion
We are committed to creating an inclusive workplace where everyone feels valued. We welcome applications from candidates of all backgrounds, including those from groups underrepresented in the nuclear sector.
Our recruitment process is fair and accessible. Reasonable adjustments are available at any stage. If you require adjustments, please contact us so we can support you.
The Nuclear Institute is an equal opportunities employer and is committed to providing positive and supportive working conditions.
Please apply by sending your CV and covering letter. For an informal and confidential discussion about the role, please contact: Rebecca Hughes, Events and Communities Manager.
We are the professional membership body dedicated to nuclear, representing over 5000 professionals, and upholding professional standards for nuclear.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
Using Anonymous Recruitment
This organisation is using Anonymous Recruitment to reduce bias in the first stages of the hiring process. Submit your application as normal and our system will anonymise it for you. Your personal information will be hidden until the recruiter contacts you.
Role purpose
You are responsible for planning, delivering and evaluating the Sector Connected Leaders Programme which is a new scheme and in a pilot stage. The role combines project management, stakeholder coordination and delivery of high-quality events and learning activity across the UK nuclear sector. You hold day-to-day accountability for delivery, budget control and reporting.
Job Description and Job Specification
Job title: Project and Events Lead, Sector Connected Leaders Programme
Contract: Fixed term, 12 months, with the possibility of extension or transition to a permanent role, subject to funding and performance
Working pattern: 0.6 FTE, 3 days per week
Salary: £15,000 per annum (0.6 FTE, £25,000 FTE equivalent)
Annual leave entitlement: 25 days plus bank holidays, pro rata. At 0.6 FTE this equates to 15 days annual leave plus bank holidays, calculated on a pro rata basis in line with NI policy.
Location: Wholly remote, UK based, with regular travel
Reporting to: CEO
Key Tasks
Programme and project delivery
- Plan and manage the end-to-end delivery of the 12-month pilot programme.
- Develop and maintain a delivery plan, milestones, risks and mitigations.
- Manage delivery within the approved budget.
Events and learning delivery
- Design and deliver a structured programme of in person events, webinars, workshops and site visits.
- Coordinate venues, logistics, suppliers and facilitators.
Stakeholder management
- Act as the primary liaison with the organisations from whom scheme participants will be recruited, including both Government departments and nuclear industry.
- Build effective relationships with sponsors, facilitators and participating organisations.
- Support organisations to endorse and release participants.
Participant management and communications
- Manage participant recruitment, onboarding and ongoing communications.
- Ensure a high-quality participant experience throughout the programme.
- Promote the programme through NI communications, events and conferences.
Monitoring, evaluation and reporting
- Define and track KPIs including participation, satisfaction, diversity and outcomes.
- Produce progress updates and a final evaluation report for NI leadership and the Board.
- Capture learning to inform a sustainable Year 2 delivery model.
Governance and representation
- Support steering group meetings and prepare clear papers and updates.
- Represent NI and the programme at sector events when required.
- Ensure alignment with NI membership, CPD and nuclear professionalism standards.
Person specification
Essential experience
- Proven experience in project or programme management.
- Experience delivering events, both in person and virtual.
- Experience managing budgets, suppliers and delivery schedules.
- Experience working with multiple stakeholders across organisations.
- Experience supporting learning, development or leadership programmes.
Essential skills and knowledge
- Strong organisational skills and attention to detail.
- Clear and confident written and verbal communication skills.
- Ability to manage competing priorities in a small team environment.
- Practical understanding of adult learning or blended learning delivery.
- Ability to work effectively in a pilot or evolving programme.
Essential behaviours
- Takes ownership and accountability for delivery.
- Works collaboratively across industry and government.
- Demonstrates an inclusive approach to working.
- Comfortable engaging senior stakeholders with credibility.
Desirable experience
- Experience of working with event management systems and applications.
- Experience working in or with the nuclear, energy, engineering or infrastructure sectors.
- Knowledge of professional bodies, CPD frameworks or membership models.
- Experience commissioning or coordinating external facilitators or coaches.
Working requirements
- Ability to travel within the UK for a few events and site visits as required.
- Availability to work three days per week over a 12-month fixed term.
Flexibility and accessibility
We offer flexible hours and remote working options to accommodate individual needs. This role is wholly remote and can be carried out anywhere in the UK, with monthly travel to London for team meetings.
Support is available for remote workers who require specific adjustments, including ergonomic equipment or assistive technologies.
Commitment to inclusion
We are committed to creating an inclusive workplace where everyone feels valued. We welcome applications from candidates of all backgrounds, including those from groups underrepresented in the nuclear sector.
Our recruitment process is fair and accessible. Reasonable adjustments are available at any stage. If you require adjustments, please contact us so we can support you.
The Nuclear Institute is an equal opportunities employer and is committed to providing positive and supportive working conditions.
Informal discussion
For an informal and confidential discussion about the role, please contact:
Robert Gofton, CEO
Please apply by sending your CV and covering letter
We are the professional membership body dedicated to nuclear, representing over 5000 professionals, and upholding professional standards for nuclear.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
About The Launchpad Collective
The Launchpad Collective is a refugee-led charity supporting people with lived experience of displacement to rebuild their lives through employment, confidence, and a sense of belonging. Steered by people with lived refugee experience (82% of our team), we create meaningful pathways to work, dignity, and connection.
Many of the people we support arrive in the UK with determination, skills, and professional expertise, only to face systemic barriers that prevent them from accessing employment. Through tailored employability support, one-to-one mentoring, and direct employer engagement, we walk alongside our clients as they rebuild confidence, reclaim agency, and move into work they are proud of.
About the Role
We are seeking an experienced and values-driven Operations Lead to play a key leadership role within The Launchpad Collective. This is an exciting opportunity for a confident, organised, and proactive individual who is motivated by social impact and committed to improving the lives of refugees.
As Operations Lead, you will oversee the smooth running of the organisation, manage people and departments, and support the senior leadership team to ensure our programmes are delivered effectively and sustainably. You will be a motivational leader who is respected by the team, bringing strong people skills, patience, and kindness to your work.
This role requires someone with several years’ experience in operational management and people leadership, who thrives in a fast-paced, mission-driven environment.
We particularly welcome people with lived experience of seeking sanctuary in the UK. For full details of the role and guidance on how to apply, please check the attached job description.
We’ll be hosting an online Q&A session on 14 January, from 11:00am–12:00pm. We encourage potential applicants to register and submit any questions in advance. Here is the registration form https://forms.gle/fqSwCvGw1yHEmM2g6
For full details of the role and guidance on how to apply, please see the attached job description.
How to Apply
Please send a CV and covering letter to the email on the job description attached
Interview dates:
First interviews: 2–4 February 2026
Task / assessment: 9–11 February 2026
Second interviews: 16–18 February 2026
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
Actively Interviewing
This organisation is scheduling interviews as applications come in. They're ready to hire as soon as they find the right person. Don't miss your opportunity, apply now!
Against Malaria Foundation (AMF)
Junior Operations Manager
Full time
Job Description
AMF profile
Against Malaria Foundation (AMF) was founded in 2004 and is a charity that fights malaria in a highly effective, accountable and transparent way.
We do this by purchasing and distributing multiple millions of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) at a time in nationwide universal coverage campaigns. This is the most cost-effective way of preventing malaria. AMF receives donations from the public and in the last financial year received US$147 million and, in our history, now over US$780 million. AMF is particularly data-focused and monitors and reports on net use and drives and supports innovation to improve the effectiveness of malaria programmes.
AMF is the world’s third largest funder of nets.
AMF has been rated a top charity for all of the last 16 years by independent charity evaluators GiveWell, Giving What We Can and The Life You Can Save who focus on impact and cost-effectiveness.
We are a team of 15 highly motivated individuals with different skills and experience. Each person has an important role to play. All team members work remotely with constant communication between them. While the team is small, the impact is big - our net distributions protect millions of people. Our largest programme is in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where we are funding 52 million nets to protect 94 million people for distribution during 2025 to 2027. We have ongoing multi-million net programmes in other countries including Chad, Guinea, Nigeria, South Sudan, Togo, Uganda and Zambia.
Role Description
Our activities and commitments are steadily increasing, with 2026 a particularly busy year with over 60 million nets planned for distribution to protect more than 110 million people, and the next few years will be similarly busy. In light of this, AMF is recruiting a Junior Operations Manager to join the operations team and to play an important role in ensuring the success of the net distributions. We are looking for someone with strong quantitative and analytical skills who enjoys working with data. The ideal candidate will be a fast learner with scientific or numbers-oriented mindset, comfortable performing quick, high-quality analyses and communicating findings clearly.
The role will include involvement in all stages of a distribution campaign (pre-agreement, net procurement, post-agreement, during distribution, and post distribution) with a focus on two areas:
- Data analysis - reviewing and analysing distribution, monitoring and malaria data to support decision-making
- Operational work to support programmes, in particular across independent monitoring, net accounting and keeping internal systems up to date
Further information
Across the life of each distribution, AMF collects large amounts of data: household registration and distribution data, net transportation information, data from independent monitoring partners both during distributions and after distributions through post-distribution monitoring surveys conducted at 0, 9, 18, and 27 months. We also receive and analyse external data including population estimates and malaria burden data. These data are central to how AMF operates - it informs operational decisions, ensures we can track every net accountably from manufacturing site to household, and it also enables us to report to donors with confidence on where their nets went.
We are looking for a junior operations manager to support in two main areas:
1. Data analysis
This includes:
- Analysing distribution and independent monitoring data to:
- Ensure data is sufficiently high quality
- Work with monitoring partners to take quick action if operational adjustments are needed
- Working with the team to build systems enabling process automation such as data quality monitoring
- Providing ad-hoc analyses to support data driven operational decisions
- Maintaining an overview of results across countries to inform benchmarks and interpret new data
- Contributing to how we present and communicate our data, both internally and publicly. This includes summarising findings clearly and appropriately for different audiences.
2. Operational work to support programmes
This includes supporting the operations team through the stages of AMF’s programmes:
Independent monitoring
Tendering and contracting
- Sending documentation to bidding partners and receiving proposals
- Supporting budget comparisons and proposal review
- Drafting agreement documents and processing payments
Project management
- Supporting operations team and partners during data collection, drawing on the data analysis above to troubleshoot issues as they arise
Closeout
- Ensuring all reporting has been delivered (narrative and financial)
- Reviewing reporting, analysing final results and putting them in context of AMF's wider programme
- Analysing project spend against budget, proposing closeout payments and processing them
Net accounting
- Reviewing evidence of net deliveries and arrivals from in-country partners
- Checking nets were sent to locations in the quantities agreed
- Working with ops team members to flag discrepancies and support communications with partners
- After distribution, verifying and documenting nets distributed, leftover, lost or damaged Internal systems
- Keeping AMF's internal systems up to date
- Inputting and processing payments
- Ensuring distribution and project dates are up to date
- Updating the latest status for the nets for each distribution (in production, en-route to country, etc.)
There will be other significant work related to AMF Group Operations, dependent on the candidate’s skill set, such as assisting with documentation for tax deductibility, new AMF entities, and updating our website with blogposts.
Characteristics of the successful candidate
We are looking for someone who has strong intellectual and analytical skills, is a fast learner and who relishes the opportunity to develop their abilities. They will work collaboratively, building strong relationships with the AMF team and in-country partners. The ideal candidate will be motivated to help improve the lives of those affected by the wider impacts of malaria.
Required
- Strong quantitative and analytical skills with the ability to work with large datasets, identify patterns, and present findings succinctly. Comfort with statistical concepts (e.g. sampling, variability, precision)
- Excellent interpersonal skills to build and maintain strong working relationships
- Highly confident in Excel
- Experience with Python, R, or other programming languages for data analysis is a plus
- A self-starter who is highly organised with the ability to work independently and manage working time effectively
- Ability and willingness to learn new skills
- Comfort in dealing with and learning about financial matters, willing to examine and compare budgets in detail
- An interest in driving down malaria rates through procedure changes and the use of technology
- Fluent English
Of interest (but not required)
- French language ability
- Experience with data analysis tools beyond Excel (Python, SQL)
- Background in a quantitative field (statistics, economics, science, engineering)
- Previous experience working with survey data or monitoring & evaluation
- Comfortable experimenting with AI tools as part of their workflow
This would be an excellent first job for someone just out of university or someone moving after their first job. All candidates will be evaluated in the same way, based on the characteristics outlined above.
Other role details
Reporting to a senior member of the operations team.
Location: Remote working (all the AMF team work remotely) within UK/Europe time zones.
The cost of any co-working office space will be covered by AMF. If not a UK resident, part of the first three months may be spent in the UK working with the Operations team.
Initial salary: £28,000 to £35,000
Note the salary is based on a UK-based person and may be adjusted depending on location
Company contributed pension scheme
25 holiday days per year + bank holidays
Travel: travel to Africa is a possibility but is not expected.
This is a full-time role
AMF will contribute a high % of the cost of a laptop if the candidate does not already have a machine sufficient for the job.
Applying
Applicants should send a) a one-page cover letter explaining why they are interested in and suitable for the position, and b) their CV to operationsmanagerJOM1225 @ againstmalaria .com.
Early applications are encouraged as we will be reviewing applications on an ongoing basis.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
In this role, you’ll lead a diverse portfolio of IT projects, working closely with technical specialists, business analysts, and colleagues across the organisation. From initiation through to delivery and transition into business-as-usual, you’ll be responsible for planning, budgeting, risk and dependency management, governance, and clear reporting. You’ll also help drive positive technology change, share best practice in project and change management, and represent IT within larger, cross-organisational programmes.
This role blends strong technical understanding with excellent project management skills and offers the opportunity to work with a high degree of autonomy while making a meaningful impact in a dynamic and evolving environment. Projects are delivered using the Society’s project management framework, aligned to PRINCE2, alongside an increasing use of Agile and hybrid delivery approaches as our ways of working continue to evolve.
About you:
You are an experienced IT or Technical Project Manager with a proven track record of delivering technology projects from initiation through to completion. You’re comfortable working in complex, fast-paced environments, managing multiple priorities, and maintaining a clear focus on quality, outcomes, and value. You have a solid understanding of IT systems and delivery processes and are confident applying structured project management approaches, alongside Agile/hybrid ways of working and have some line management experience managing projects coordinators.
You excel at building positive relationships and communicating clearly with a wide range of stakeholders, from technical teams to non-technical colleagues. Collaborative and organised, you bring a proactive, problem-solving mindset and a commitment to continuous improvement. You’re motivated by work with purpose and are keen to use your skills and experience to help deliver meaningful change for people affected by dementia.
You'll have:
- Extensive experience managing end-to-end IT projects, from planning and initiation through to delivery and closure
- Strong working knowledge of PRINCE2, alongside experience using Agile or hybrid project delivery approaches
- Proven ability to lead technical teams and collaborate effectively across departments
- Experience delivering change, including process improvement and organisational process re-engineering
- Excellent organisational, time management, and risk management skills
- A strong track record of engaging and communicating with a wide range of stakeholders, including senior leaders
- Proficiency in project management tools and the Microsoft Office suite
- Experience mentoring, coaching, or supporting colleagues in project and change management best practice
What you’ll focus on:
- Delivering projects aligned to the IT Roadmap and strategic objectives, ensuring outcomes meet agreed time, cost, and quality measures
- Engaging stakeholders across the organisation to secure input, commitment, and support throughout the project lifecycle
- Working closely with the Business Engagement Manager to identify and track project benefits
- Partnering with business analysts to analyse data, define requirements, and develop effective solutions
Implementing process improvements and supporting organisational change as part of project delivery - Managing risks, issues, and dependencies, providing clear updates and reports to stakeholders and governance boards
- Coordinating project closure and ensuring a smooth handover into business-as-usual operations
- Motivating, guiding, and supporting project team members, including analysts, testers, and technical specialists
Do you want your technical and project management skills to have real purpose? Join us and help deliver impactful technology solutions that support people affected by dementia and drive meaningful change across Alzheimer’s Society.
Important Dates
Deadline for applications: 23:59 on Sunday 18th January 2026.
1st stage Interviews: Wednesday 28th & Thursday 29th January 2026
2nd stage Interviews: W/C 2nd February 2026
There will be a 10-minute presentation to prepare and present at the interview.
About Alzheimer's Society
Dementia is the UK’s biggest killer. One in three people born in the UK today will develop dementia in their lifetime.
At Alzheimer’s Society, we’re the UK’s leading dementia charity and the only one to tackle all aspects of dementia by giving help and hope to people living with dementia today and in the future. We give vital support to people facing the most frightening times of their lives, while also funding groundbreaking research and campaigning to make dementia the priority it should be.
Together with our supporters, we’re working towards a world where dementia no longer devastates lives.
Our values make sure that our focus is clear for the challenges and opportunities ahead and remind us of what we all stand for.
Our commitment to Equity, Diversity, Inclusion & Belonging
We need to ensure the voices around our table better reflect and understand the communities we exist to serve. We strongly encourage individuals to apply who have a disability, impairment or health condition or individuals who identify as Black, Asian or from another minority ethnic background, as these groups are currently under-represented at Alzheimer's Society.
We want everyone we work with, as a colleague, volunteer, supporter, or someone we support, to feel included and that they belong at Alzheimer's Society.
Our Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Strategy here along with our internal employee forum and Employee Lived Experience network groups help us promote inclusion and belonging, becoming an engaged and inclusive organisation for all our people.
Our hiring process
During your recruitment process we want to make sure that you bring your whole self and can be at your best. We are working hard to ensure our recruitment process is as inclusive as possible, so please do inform us of your experience and anything you think we could do better by completing our candidate survey when you apply. Please also contact Alzheimer’s Society Talent Acquisition Team via [email protected] for application support or any adjustments you might need.
To ensure fairness and consistency to select the best candidate for this role, all our applications are anonymised up until an interview has been confirmed. We recognise the benefits of AI, but if you're considering using it to submit your application, we encourage you to reflect on the value it truly adds. AI tools often lack the personal touch and authenticity that set candidates apart. We want to hear your unique perspective, experiences, and skills, so we encourage you to showcase them in your own voice.
We try to avoid closing roles early where possible, however if we receive a high volume of applications, we may close earlier than the advertised closing date. Should this occur, we will aim to provide you with at least 48 hours' notice.
We are committed to safer recruitment and ensuring the welfare of those we work with, due to the nature of some of our roles, we might need to carry out a DBS check at the relevant level.
Giving back to you
Our employees work hard every day to make a true difference in people's lives. We are proud to support them with a range of benefits, recognition and many options for working agilely, all contributing to a strong work life balance. We also have various learning programmes to support you in your development and help you grow to realise your potential and shape a career with Alzheimer's Society.
You can also visit our Working for Us pages, which give you more information about what it’s like to be an employee at the Society.