Trustee volunteer roles

Applications are warmly invited from potential volunteers who wish to join our Board of Trustees.

We do not require previous board experience and very much encourage applicants from across our diverse communities in Surrey. We will provide a wide range of support, training and development opportunities.

Hours: Approximately 3 - 6 hours per month

Supported by: Board and Chair of Trustees and CEO

Location: Meetings in Milford, Godalming with visits across Surrey.

Role: To work as part of the Trustee team in providing a governance framework for the Charity and to be able to make effective decisions and be accountable to the Charity Commission.

Skills:

We are looking for Trustees for our Board who may have skills in any of these areas, though not exclusively:

• Legal Experience

• Income Generation

• The NHS

• Digital Marketing Experience

You would contribute actively to the Board of Trustees in defining the strategic direction of the organisation, setting overall policy, defining goals, setting targets and evaluating organisational performance against agreed strategic targets.

You would protect the reputation of our charity.

You would attend quarterly Board meetings and, potentially, committee meetings held twice yearly.

Attendance at Board Meetings is in person or remote. Committee meetings are attended remotely.

Role involves:

Scrutinising Board papers and other communications.

Abiding by Age UK Surrey’s policies and procedures and ensure these are effectively implemented.

Participating in activities to promote the Charity to our beneficiaries, funders and the wider public.

Trustees will:

Be committed to the aims and values of the organisation.

Be willing to provide the level of commitment required for this role.

Think, strategically, about our charity and about its future direction.

Think independently and creatively.

Challenge constructively and courteously.

Have an understanding of the responsibilities of being a Trustee.

Be a team player.

Support the staff team as appropriate.

Comply with the Age UK Brand Partnership Agreement and Charity Commission guidance.

Be responsible for the financial position of the Charity, ensure it is operating efficiently and effectively, and delivers on the outcomes defined in its governing document.

Set the strategic direction and delegate operational responsibility to the CEO.

Ensure the organisation complies with its governing document, charity law, company law and any other relevant legislation and regulations.

Ensure the organisation uses its resources effectively.

Protect and manage the property of the Charity and ensure the proper investment of the Charity’s funds.

Would you like to make a positive impact on your community and make a real difference to people's lives?

By joining Citizens Advice Enfield as a Trustee you can take an active part in board meetings to assist in setting policy and strategy direction, set targets and evaluate our performance.  You could work on specific projects with other trustees or staff members to further strategic objectives and learn about the range of issues that affect our clients such as benefits, debt, employment and housing.  You would need to attend 5 board meetings per year.

You will need:

• professional skills - expertise in areas such as finance, legal, HR, IT, marketing or fundraising
• strategic and leadership skills, lived experience and community knowledge.
• excellent verbal and written communication skills and good IT skills (Microsoft Office suite)
• to be friendly and approachable and non-judgmental, respecting views, values and cultures that are different to your own
• to be willing to undertake training.

We are seeking a new Chair of Trustees to lead the charity as we enter a bold new chapter for Sunderland Culture. This is a unique opportunity to help shape the cultural landscape of Sunderland, working closely with our CEO, Board of Trustees, and valued partners to support Sunderland Culture’s vibrant and ambitious vision.

The Role of the Board

The board governs the charity and ensures Sunderland Culture is well-run, legally compliant, and financially sound as a registered charity and company limited by guarantee. Trustees act as guardians of the organisation’s purpose, ensuring decisions are made in the best interests of those we serve. Core duties include;

• Work with the CEO and Partners to set strategic direction and shape the organisation’s long-term cultural vision, mission, and priorities.
• Safeguarding the mission and values of the charity, upholding our core purpose: “to improve life for everyone in Sunderland through culture.”
• Champion culture in Sunderland – acting as ambassadors for the city’s cultural sector, bringing networks and influence.
• Provide accountability – Reporting to regulators (Charity Commission, Companies House), funders (Arts Council England, trusts/ foundations), and the community.
• Financial Oversight - work with the senior management team and Finance Committee to review and approve budgets, key-funding decisions and long-term sustainability.
• Policy Oversight - Approve and oversee key policies, including safeguarding, equality and diversity, privacy policy, health and safety, and employment procedures.

The board is supported in its work by a Finance Committee, with trustee representatives also working alongside staff leads on Arts Council England’s Investment Principles:

• Ambition & Quality
• Dynamism (organisational resilience and business systems)
• Inclusivity and Relevance
• Environmental Sustainability

The Role of Chair

The Chair will provide strategic leadership to the Board, ensuring that Trustees fulfil their duties effectively.

Key Responsibilities:

Lead the Board: Shape agendas, chair effective meetings, enable constructive challenge and decisive governance.

Manage and support the Chief Executive: Provide counsel and stretch; agree priorities and success measures; ensure strong performance and learning.

Steward partnerships: Work closely with existing partners to renew relationships while openings doors to a wider range of strategic partnerships.

Steward change: Oversee complex transitions in assets, programmes and organisational design; ensure robust risk management and stakeholder engagement.

Promote inclusion: Develop and grow the board to reflect the city’s diversity and lived experience.

Ensure sustainability: Oversee financial strategy and reserves; support income generation across public, commercial and philanthropic streams.

Advocate and represent: Be a visible ambassador for Sunderland Culture locally, regionally and nationally.

Board effectiveness: Lead trustee recruitment, induction, appraisal and succession; uphold best practice in charity and company governance.

Person Specification:

Essential Criteria

Commitment to Sunderland Culture’s mission

Relevant values and networks Essential Proven leadership experience, ideally at Board or senior executive level.

Strong understanding of governance and charity/ company law.

Excellent communication and relationship-building skills.

Ability to inspire confidence and command respect.

Desirable Criteria

Demonstrable commitment to or interest in the cultural sector

Sunderland or North-East England based

Background in relevant sector (Culture or Creative Industries, Community Development, Education, Finance etc.)

This role is advertised as part of TPP's Free Giving Back Services. This volunteer advertisement copy has been supplied to TPP and applicants apply direct to the organisation. Please contact the organisation directly if you have any questions about this volunteer role.

Introduction:

Thank you for your interest in becoming a trustee and Vice Chair of Harry’s HAT. Please read this trustee application information pack carefully before completing your application.

Who we are:

Harry’s HAT is a UK based charity focusing on paediatric hydrocephalus. Our mission is to make life better for children and their families affected by the condition. The Board of Trustees works to achieve this through:

• Raising awareness of paediatric hydrocephalus through workshops and training.
• Supporting research and funding training for front-line medical health and social care professionals.
• Signposting families to trusted organisations and providing access to peer support.
• Campaigning for earlier diagnosis.

The opportunity:

Harry’s HAT is entering an important phase of development and the Board of Trustees is seeking a motivated individual to join as Vice Chair of Trustees. This voluntary trustee role supports the Chair of Trustees and the Chief Executive Officer in ensuring strong governance, clear policy development and effective leadership across the charity.

Key responsibilities:

The Vice Chair trustee supports the Chair of Trustees in providing leadership to the Board and maintaining effective governance. Working closely with the Chair, CEO and fellow trustees, the Vice Chair supports strategic direction and ensures trustee decisions reflect the charity’s mission vision and values.

The Vice Chair trustee contributes to the Fundraising and Risk Group ensuring governance and policy considerations inform discussions and decisions. A key responsibility is leading trustee oversight of policy development including safeguarding, governance, finance and operational policies, ensuring they are compliant regularly reviewed and embedded in day-to-day practice.

The Vice Chair also supports trustee recruitment and development and acts as a trustee ambassador for Harry’s HAT representing the charity externally with professionalism and warmth.

Meetings and time commitment:P

Trustees are expected to attend:

• Six trustee board meetings per year held online.
• Quarterly Fundraising and Risk Group meetings.
• Two one-to-one meetings per year with the Chair of Trustees.
• The AGM and occasional additional trustee meetings.
• Mandatory online training and timely communication.

Skills and experience:

The ideal trustee will have experience of charity governance and trustee leadership. Essential experience includes chairing or supporting a board or committee, understanding trustee legal duties, experience of policy development, strategic awareness and confident communication. Trustees must exercise discretion and confidentiality. DBS clearance is required.

Desirable experience includes previous trustee or Vice Chair roles familiarity with small charity governance and understanding of safeguarding and risk management.

Personal attributes:

Trustees should demonstrate integrity, fairness and impartiality. The Vice Chair trustee must be committed, collaborative and able to build positive working relationships with trustees staff and volunteers.

Term and remuneration:

Trustee appointments are voluntary with reasonable expenses reimbursed. The initial trustee term is one to three years with a three month probation period.

#Chair #Chairoftrustees #trustee 

You will be supporting the branch to work with local schools, helping to educate children on the importance of animal welfare. Building relationships with external partners within the local community, you will help the branch to build its community outreach programme, to reach more members of the public. Joining the trustee committee, currently made up of 9 trustees with varying specialist areas, you will be supported by other trustees as we want to increase our skill set across our trustee board.

The role includes:

• Reaching out to local schools to offer education on the importance of animal welfare
• Building relationships with local schools to maximise fundraising opportunities
• Working within the local community to identify events & education activities that the branch can take part in

Experience in Networking, Education Outreach, Events is required.

If you have 1 - 3 hours a week to spare and you fit the role, complete our form as we'd love to hear from you!

We are looking for new Board members to support our work and bring new skills, expertise and ideas for the future of our organisation.

At Nottingham Contemporary, we believe in the power of contemporary art to inspire, challenge and bring people together. We are in an important moment in Nottingham Contemporary’s history as we deliver a transformative process of rearticulating our purpose and shaping our future. This includes securing our long-term financial standing by developing and working towards ambitious and entrepreneurial income generation strategies and building on new and existing partnerships, members and supporters.

In particular, we are looking for trustees with expertise in one or more of the below areas:

• Financial Director/Accountant – with strong financial understanding and experience, you will be confident supporting Board members and the Senior Leadership Team with financial decisions and will Chair our Finance and Audit Committee.
• Gallerist/Art Consultant – with substantial experience in the commercial art world. We are especially interested in candidates who have a deep understanding of the art market and its networks and the ability to help strengthen the organisation’s relationships with patrons, collectors, galleries and other stakeholders in the cultural and commercial ecosystem.
• Artist – with strong knowledge of the UK and international arts sector, and an interest and experience working with cultural institutions. Ideally, you will bring knowledge of partnership working within cultural institutions; for example, experience of partnerships between universities or local government bodies, community partners and cultural organisations.
• Commercial or entrepreneurial experience – you will understand how to develop new income streams or commercialise strands of activities, identify cross selling opportunities, strategic partnerships, and advise on how to leverage assets to generate income and create sustainable business models. This role will chair the trading company.

We actively encourage applications from people whose perspectives and experiences are currently under-represented on our Board:

• people from ethnically diverse cultural backgrounds,
• people from working class / lower socio-economic backgrounds,
• people who identify as disabled or have a long-term condition.

Help shape the future of Carers Trust Solihull.
We’re seeking a new Trustee Treasurer,a sharp financial mind with a steady hand and a big heart, to guide our charity through its next chapter. You’ll ensure every pound works harder for unpaid carers who give so much, often with little rest or recognition.

For over 25 years, Carers Trust Solihull has supported thousands of people caring for loved ones, spouses, parents, siblings, even children, who look after someone who couldn’t manage without them. As demand grows and funding tightens, your financial leadership will be vital to sustaining and expanding this lifeline.

You’ll join a skilled, compassionate Board, working closely with our CEO and managers to oversee budgets, shape strategy, and strengthen long-term stability. You’ll turn numbers into insight, helping the Board make confident, evidence-based decisions about growth, reserves, and sustainability.

This is more than governance, it’s legacy. Your work will help deliver respite breaks, wellbeing sessions, and community outreach to those who need them most. You’ll be central to how we evolve, diversify income, and explore new opportunities, including the use of Artificial Intelligence to improve our efficiency and reach.

We’re looking for someone who combines financial acumen with empathy and integrity, a professional who can interpret data, assess risk, and communicate clearly. A formal accounting qualification is helpful but not essential. What matters most is a strategic mind and a commitment to using your expertise for good.

If you’re ready to make your skills count, not just on a balance sheet, but in real lives changed, we’d love to hear from you.

The Avenues Youth Project is a registered charity that since 1979 has been providing informal educational programs and support to children and young people in west London. Operating from a purpose-built centre on Third Avenue, the organization aims to empower youth through diverse activities and opportunities outside of school, fostering personal development and positive growth for young individuals.

Role Description

As Treasurer and Director/Trustee, you will oversee financial governance, ensure compliance with charity regulations and provide strategic financial guidance to the board. Main tasks include overseeing the production of regular financial reports and the charity’s annual audited accounts, settling and managing budgets and otherwise collaborating with the charity’s financial controller. 

This part-time (estimated to average over a year at around 8 hours per month) voluntary position will require attending (mainly on-line or hybrid) regular board and finance committee meetings and regular and ad-hoc meetings or other contacts with the charity’s financial controller. 

Qualifications

• Proficiency in financial management, budget planning and financial reporting

• Knowledge of charity regulations and the Charities SORP is desirable

• Familiarity with fundraising, donor engagement or financial software is a plus

• Experience in a senior finance role or as a treasurer/trustee is also desirable 

• A commitment to the values and mission of The Avenues Youth Project is essential

If interested in this role, please send your CV and a two-page letter explaining your interest and suitability, or in advance thereof send any questions or requests for further information or request for a telephone chat about the position.

Closing date for applications is 31 December 2025

Windsor Horse Rangers is looking for a new Chair to lead our Board of Trustees. Our aim is to enhance Life Skills through Horse Skills.

Windsor Horse Rangers is based in Fifield near Windsor, Berkshire. The trustees, staff and volunteers are focused on providing a sustainable, inclusive and educative environment for 8–18 year olds to develop skills to ride and care for horses. 

We have 180 Horse Rangers attending weekly to learn horsemanship working with our 24 horses. We offer equine education in a safe and supportive environment that engages and empowers and which develops wider life skills, emotional resilience and positive wellbeing. Many  of our rangers have gone on to careers in equestrianism.

Our committed team of trustees are looking for a volunteer chair to lead and support the team, help with decision-making to deliver our mission, challenge us and bring fresh thinking to the role.

We are looking for a supportive leader who can bring experience from either another charitable environment or the commercial world.  Your responsibilities will include, providing leadership and ideas for the organisation and giving strategic direction to ensure a sustainable future.  You will represent and act as a spokesperson for the charity and chair and facilitate meetings of the trustees.  This is an exciting opportunity for an individual looking to apply their own skills and experience to enhance the life skills of young people and support a charitable institution.  A love and knowledge of horses is a bonus but not a pre-requisite. 

The ideal candidate would live locally so could  attend face to face trustees meetings.

Responsibilities

• Safeguard and promote the Charity’s mission

• Act as the senior representative and spokesperson for Windsor Horse Rangers

• Ensure annual and longer-term strategic plans are developed, monitored and executed.

• Ensure Board operates to a high standard of governance and financial probity

• Ensure the Trustees have relevant skills and backgrounds

Skills and Experience

• Desire to empower young people to improve their skills, independence and self esteem

• Leadership skills to facilitate collaboration with trustees, staff and volunteers 

• Strategic and financial management skills.

• Governance at Board level with voluntary/non-profit organisations 

• Working understanding (or a willingness to learn) of UK charity law and legislation 

• Networking within equine community or charity sector desirable 

If you share our commitment, and feel your experience and skills meet the needs of the role, please get in contact. We would love to hear from you.

Background information:

Harry’s HAT is a UK-based charity focussing on paediatric hydrocephalus. Our mission is to make life better for children and their families who are affected by hydrocephalus. We work towards this aim through:

• Awareness: raising awareness of paediatric hydrocephalus through workshops and training.

• Research: supporting research and funding training (for front-line medical, health and social care workers) to increase understanding of the condition.

• Signposting and support: directing families affected by the condition to organisations that can offer support, advice and guidance and by providing access to our peer-to-peer programme. We do not, however, provide advocacy.

We currently have a vacancy on our Trustee Board for an individual with experience in fundraising and income generation. The Charity is ambitious about extending its reach and ensuring that more families and professionals can benefit from our work. To achieve this, we recognise the importance of growing and diversifying our income.

Key responsibilities of the role:

• Actively participating in Trustee Board meetings.

• Attending quarterly Fundraising and Risk Group meetings, held in the evening for approximately 1.5 hours.

• Working closely with the CEO to support the fundraising pipeline and to ensure all grant applications complement the mission and values of the charity.

• Working with the CEO and other Trustees to strengthen the charity’s fundraising strategy and ensure it aligns with our long-term goals.

• Supporting the development of sustainable income streams, including grants, corporate partnerships, individual giving, and community fundraising.

• Providing ad-hoc input on subjects raised by the Trustee, staff, and volunteer teams.

• Voting on grant applications from medical professionals and clinical researchers. Trustee would also be able to participate in specific projects if they wished to.

Required skills and experience:

The ideal candidate will have experience of fundraising or income generation in a charity or relevant setting. The key attributes for the role are as follows:

• Knowledge of different fundraising approaches such as grants, corporate partnerships, or community fundraising.

• Strong interpersonal and communication skills.

• Ability to display sound judgement and objectivity.
• Experience of working in partnership with healthcare or other relevant organisations or programmes.

• Clear understanding of the importance of safeguarding.

• Discretion when working with sensitive information, and strict adherence to confidentiality when required. Time commitment

• Attendance at six Trustee Board meetings per year (usually Sunday evenings, 18:00–19:30, via Teams).

• Attendance at quarterly Fundraising and Risk Group meetings (1.5 hours, evening).

• Attendance at two 1-2-1 meetings per year with the Chair of Trustees.

• Participation in the AGM and other relevant meetings as needed.

• Timely responses to communications from Trustees, staff, and volunteers.

• Completion of mandatory online training modules. Term and remuneration

• The initial term is 1–3 years, which can be extended by agreement.

• This is a voluntary role. Out-of-pocket expenses will be reimbursed.

• All new Trustees, including the Vice Chair, will serve a 3-month probation period.

#trustee #fundraising 

We are seeking a dynamic and committed leader to serve as Chair of our Board of Trustees. This is a pivotal role for someone with vision, integrity, and the ability to inspire collaboration across diverse stakeholders. The Chair leads the Board in setting the charity’s strategic direction, ensuring it maintains high standards of governance and risk management as well as operating effectively to fulfil its charitable purpose.

Areas of Responsibility:

• Leadership and Governance
• Board Development
• Meeting Management
• Stakeholder Relations
• Guidance and Support to the CEO
• Financial Oversight
• Advocacy and Fundraising

To support a smooth transition, the successful candidate will benefit from a structured handover period with the outgoing Chair. This will provide valuable continuity, enable knowledge transfer, and ensure you are well-prepared to lead with confidence from day one.

Looking for an exciting opportunity to make a tangible difference in the lives of Londoners affected by homelessness, while contributing your professional insights to a forward-thinking and compassionate organisation? Why not join us as our Audit Committee Chair or as a Trustee!

About Evolve Housing + Support

At Evolve, we believe everyone deserves the opportunity to live a safe, fulfilled and independent life. We provide support in London, offering tailored programmes to meet people’s individual needs; including housing, employment and skills training, mentoring and counselling.

We do this through our work with young parents and children at risk of exclusion to build the skills and resilience that can help prevent homelessness, campaigning to end street homelessness, and building affordable homes to help people move on to an independent life.

Our company culture: the heart of what we do

We’re proud of our inclusive culture – one where everyone’s voice matters, and where diversity of background, thought and experience helps us make better decisions for the communities we serve. Our mission - to help children, young people and adults who are homeless or at risk of homelessness reach their potential, and move on to live happy, fulfilled lives. We ensure our values - Honest, Inclusive, Optimistic, Determined, Passionate & Creative inform everything we do.

The opportunities to join us

At Evolve Housing + Support, we are championing opportunity, dignity and independence for people affected by homelessness – a cause that may resonate with you and encourage you to lend your strategic oversight and financial skills to our Board.

We are looking for a new Audit Committee Chair and two Trustees to join our Board and play a key role in shaping our governance and strategic direction.

As our Audit Committee Chair, you’ll ensure we maintain the highest standards of financial stewardship, carry out all our affairs effectively under all regulatory bodies, while keeping our mission and values at the heart of decision-making through your leadership.

The Trustee roles present the opportunity to play a crucial part in the successful running of our organisation, in partnership with the leadership team, upholding excellent governance using your professional skills. 

Who are we looking for?

We are particularly interested in speaking with people who are able to lead and inspire, who also have the strategic and analytical thinking skills to lead through periods of change, and who can communicate effectively with a wide range of stakeholders and audiences.

You’ll need to have the ability to proactively support the values of Evolve Housing + Support, have a strong understanding of good governance practice along with a financial or HR background at a professional level, and a strong track record in a relevant sector, with empathy for our core customer group.

Don’t think you quite meet all of the specifications? Please don’t count yourself out – we’d still love to hear from you and learn more about you and your interest in joining Evolve!

Sounding good? Here’s how you can apply today!

Please read the Candidate Information Pack for more information before you apply. 

How to Apply:

Eastside People is supporting Evolve Housing + Support in the recruitment of these roles. Please apply by submitting your CV and a cover letter, both in Word doc format.

Please use the cover letter (max 2 pages) as an opportunity to add to the information you have shared in your CV and ensure that you cover the following: 

• Why are you interested in the Chair/Trustee role at Evolve Housing + Support? 
• Having read the information pack, what relevant experience and skills do you feel you would bring to this role? 

We want you to have every opportunity to demonstrate your skills, ability and potential. If you have a disability or require reasonable adjustments during the application or interview process, please contact us so we can support you appropriately.

The closing date for applications is Mon 22 Dec 2025. Shortlisting interviews will take place shortly after and shortlisted candidates will have an interview with Evolve during the week beginning 12 January 2026.

We look forward to hearing from you!

We are seeking a Trustee with expertise in income generation and sustainability to
help guide the charity through its next stage of development.

You will join a committed Board of Trustees who work closely with our small
operational team. Together, we ensure that Tackle remains financially resilient,
strategically focused, and deeply rooted in the lived experiences of those we
support.

Key Responsibilities

• Contribute to the Board’s strategic oversight, particularly around fundraising andl ong-term income development.
• Support the Executive Team to explore and strengthen diverse income streams, including grants, corporate partnerships, individual giving, and trading opportunities.
• Help shape our sustainability plan as we transition from growth to consolidation.
• Champion good governance and ensure that fundraising aligns with our values and ethical standards.
• Act as an ambassador for Tackle, using your networks to open doors, raise awareness, and build partnerships.
• Attend quarterly Board meetings (online and in person) and occasional away days or events.

Would you like to be involved in the founding of a new charity that supports young people through grief and loss? At Beyond Tomorrow, we support young people through grief and loss with compassion, guidance, and hope. Join us to help shape brighter futures for those finding their way beyond loss.

Volunteer Trustee (Secretary Role)

Location: Kent- however this role can be done virtually.
Time Commitment: Around 3–5 hours per month
Reporting to: The Board of Trustees

About the Role:

We’re a charity supporting young people and families through grief, loss, and emotional wellbeing. As our Secretary, you’ll be the organised heartbeat of the board, keeping everything running smoothly, making sure meetings are well-structured, and helping us stay on top of our legal and admin responsibilities.

You don’t need to have charity admin experience — just good organisational skills, a bit of tech confidence, and a passion for helping young people heal and thrive.

Key Responsibilities:

 Meetings & Records

• Arrange trustee meetings (usually every 1–2 months) and make sure everyone has the agenda and papers in advance.

• Take clear minutes and track action points so nothing slips through the cracks.

• Keep an organised record of all meetings, decisions, and official documents.

Governance & Compliance

• Help ensure the charity meets its legal requirements with the Charity Commission.

• Maintain up-to-date trustee contact details and declarations of interest.

• Support the Chair and Treasurer with key governance documents like policies, annual returns, and reports.

 Communication & Coordination

• Be the main point of contact for trustee communication — keeping everyone in the loop.

• Help coordinate between trustees, volunteers, and partners.

• Make sure important dates, tasks, and documents are shared in good time.

What We’re Looking For:

• Super organised and reliable — someone who loves keeping things in order.

• Good written communication skills and attention to detail.

• Comfortable using email, Google Drive, Word, or similar tools.

• Friendly and collaborative, with a genuine passion for supporting young people and families through loss.

Commitment & Expenses:

• This is a voluntary trustee role. Reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (like travel or supplies) can be reimbursed.

• Trustees usually meet once every 1–2 months, with a few extra hours between meetings for admin or follow-ups.

• You will have the opportunity to be involved with community work, however this is not an expectation.

What You’ll Get Out of It:

• A hands-on role helping a growing charity stay organised and effective.

• Experience in charity governance, leadership, and administration.

• A friendly, purpose-driven team who truly cares about what we do.

• A good opportunity to get hands-on experience in the world of admin.

• The satisfaction of helping young people and families find hope and healing after loss.