Service delivery manager jobs

Are you a fundraiser looking for your next career move?

Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity (GOSH) are hiring for two Senior Fundraising Executives to join our direct dialogue team. One is a brand-new position and the other has come up following an internal move.

Our dialogue team work with a range of different agencies to deliver our face to face fundraising campaigns. These campaigns help fundraise to change children’s lives every single day. 

These roles are known internally as Senior Individual Giving Executive – Direct Dialogue.

Salary

The salary for this position is £36,654 per annum and we operate a hybrid working model of a minimum of 2 days per week in the office.

In line with our EDI strategy and Total Reward policy, we calculate our salaries based on benchmarking data across the charity sector. To ensure fairness for existing staff and new joiners, we do not offer salaries above the advertised rate.

Key Responsibilities

This is a varied role encompassing:

• Campaign management for rolling fundraising activities. 
• Defining campaign briefs and working closely with the Senior Management to deliver campaigns across door to door, private site, and street 
• Managing relationships with third party agencies. 
• Utilising data analytics to create reports and insights across all dialogue activity. 

Skills, Knowledge and Expertise

• Previous project management experience, ideally within fundraising. 
• Advanced Excel skills with the ability to do v-lookups, pivot tables and manipulate data. 
• Relationship management experience. 
• Ability to manage multiple projects simultaneously. 

Exrerience working within the charity sector is beneficial for this role, but not essential. 

We are seeking a proactive and experienced Café Supervisor to oversee the daily operations of The Shack Café, a busy student-facing outlet at KCLSU. This role is ideal for someone with a passion for hospitality and team leadership, committed to delivering excellent service and creating a vibrant, welcoming space for students, staff and visitors.

The postholder will lead a team of student shift leaders and staff, ensuring smooth daily operations, high standards of cleanliness, and exceptional customer service. You'll take a hands-on approach, often setting an example on the floor while supervising your team effectively. Key duties include managing financial processes such as accurate till operation, invoice processing, and stock control. You will strive to minimise wastage and losses through regular audits and clear procedures, maintaining accurate records of all transactions and stock movements.

You will also lead on staffing—recruiting, training, and supervising your team of around 12 student staff members. Responsibilities include creating rotas, processing payroll, and managing performance through regular feedback and support, while fostering a positive and productive team culture.

The Café Supervisor will work closely with the Commercial Manager – Strand to develop exciting product offerings and promotions. With support from the marketing team, you'll ensure effective merchandising and campaigns that increase sales and engage the student community. Strong relationships with students, colleagues, and suppliers are vital.

You will also manage catering bookings and ensure services meet high standards, from enquiry to delivery. Compliance with food hygiene, health and safety, and equipment maintenance is essential. Issues must be reported promptly, maintain a safe environment, and ensure all staff follow uniform and cleaning protocols.

The list above is not exhaustive. We recommend you to read through the Job Pack to understand the scope of what the role entails.

Application Process

To apply, please download and complete an application form and an equal opportunities monitoring form below and email your completed application directly to our email address.

Once shortlisting is completed, we will contact you and inform you of the progress of your application.

Please download application form here

Please download EOM Form here

At KCLSU Equality, Diversity and Inclusion are at the heart of everything we do and we endeavour to ensure equal treatment of all candidates. We welcome a diverse range of applicants and are open to discussing flexibility with the right candidate. Reasonable adjustments will be made for candidates with disabilities at all stages of the recruitment and selection process, and to ensure that a successful candidate with a disability can undertake the post.

As you will also see on our Job Pack that we are an equal opportunities employer and live by our 4 main values: Inclusive, Collaborative, Open and Brave. KCLSU is a fun, social and flexible work environment which offers opportunities for development as well as great staff benefits.

Benefits of Working for KCLSU include:

• Hybrid Working Policy 
• Pension Contribution
• Interest Free Season Ticket Loan & Computer Loan
• Cycle to work Scheme
• Enhanced Sick Pay
• Enhanced Maternity and Paternity Pay
• Eye Tests & single focal glasses allowance
• 25 days holiday entitlement & bank holidays & discretionary closure days per annum
• Discounts on KCLSU venues
• Employee Assistance Programme
• "No meeting Friday" ethos
• KEATS Learning Platform & LinkedIn Learning subscription
• Death in Service
• Access to Kings Libraries

Eligibility 

To be eligible to apply for this role you must: 

• Be eligible to work in the UK, and provide proof of this (i.e. a passport/visa) prior to your start date
• Not be a trustee of King’s College London Students’ Union 
• Have a National Insurance number, or be in the process of applying for one

Thank you for applying with us. We look forward to bringing your talent onboard and working with you!

We are looking for a brilliant Senior Creative to join our marketing and comms team for a 12-month fixed-term contract. You will be familiar with creating high quality printed and digital communications that inspire, motivate and meet the needs of the audience. 

About Us

The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity raises money to improve the lives of people affected by cancer.  We ensure The Royal Marsden’s nurses, doctors and research teams can provide the very best care and develop life-saving treatments, which are used across the UK and around the world. 

From funding state-of-the-art equipment and ground-breaking research, to creating the very best patient environments, we will never stop looking for ways to improve the lives of people affected by cancer. 

About the role 

The focus of this role is to create and develop engaging marketing materials, from concept to delivery. You will be organised and manage your own workflow effectively delivering to required deadlines. 

• Play an integral part in the design process from conceptualising ideas to final development

• Collaborate with the marketing, PR, digital and Charity colleagues to create engaging designs

• Provide strategic brand guidance and creative direction across the organisation 

• Run design clinics and share insights and on best practice 

• Line managing the Charity Designer 

• Reporting to the Creative Manager 

The Creative Team  

Working for us offers you a challenging and rewarding role, as well as the chance to really improve the lives of those living with cancer.

The Creative team is a fun, friendly and high performing. It consists of designers and videographers working across the Charity, Trust and Private Care. The three dedicated Charity creative roles that work on a variety of Charity projects for multiple audiences, for example supporters, high-value donors, patients and staff.

What we offer:

• Hybrid working between home and Chelsea, London with occasional travel to Sutton.
• 22.5 hrs a week, with flexible working around our core hours of 10am to 4pm
• 27 days annual leave (full time entitlement)
• Up to 6% employer contributions subject to matched contribution from you (increasing with length of service)
• Training, support and development opportunities
• Access to the blue light discount scheme
• Range of wellbeing initiatives including access to an employee assistance programme designed to save money and improve your physical, financial and mental health and wellbeing, access to free online GP appointments and free eye tests and contribution towards any glasses required for work purposes

The closing date for applications is 12 May at 11.59pm. Please note only successful candidates will be contacted. 

Community Based/Home Working – South & Central Scotland

Permanent, Full Time

Circa £30,000 plus competitive benefits

Do you want to make a difference?

The RAF Benevolent Fund is the leading welfare charity for the RAF. Every year we make a real difference to over 40,000 people who benefit from our services. Working at the Fund is more than sitting at your desk ad in this role you will have the opportunity to be part of our RAF Family.  Alongside helping our beneficiaries, we also get to hang out with Spitfires and Typhoons, take part in a Dambusters bike ride, attend events like Royal Ascot, the Chelsea Flower Show, and the Bomber Command Memorial Service. Every day you will make a difference and play your part in changing the lives of others and helping people in the RAF Family get through the toughest of times.

It doesn’t matter how long someone served or when. If they were part of the RAF, they and their family are part of our RAF Family. We will always be here to support them when they need it most.

Join the RAF Family and play your part in making a difference.

Do you want to play a part in what we do?

People are at the heart of what we do. Together we:

· Help reduce social isolation and loneliness among veterans. 

· We support ill or injured men and women to have a safe place to call home, a home that meets their specific needs.

· We fund youth services on stations to provide clubs and activities for the children of serving personnel who move every few years.

· We provide grants to help with the cost of living. But this is just a few of the ways we help.

We are seeking an individual to raise awareness of the Fund’s welfare offer amongst social welfare agencies across South and Central Scotland but also, crucially, to help address the issue of social isolation and feelings of loneliness experienced by some members of the RAF Family.

The post holder will be working with socially isolated individuals to identify meaningfully enriching opportunities to reduce feelings of loneliness, some of whom may have complex and challenging welfare needs, to develop actions plans and coordinate support to overcome any barriers preventing successful connection into these enriching opportunities, assisting them by identifying appropriate support from within the RAF Benevolent Fund and the wider statutory and military charity sector.

The successful candidate will have experience of working in a social welfare role supporting individuals, have strong people and relationship-building skills, as well as empathy with or understanding of the issues affecting the Armed Forces community.  Individuals with a social prescribing or working aged veteran support background are encouraged to apply.

This is a community-based position working from home but covering South and Central Scotland, delivering both remote and face to face support.  The candidate must have their own vehicle to use to travel around these regions.  Occasional travel to Edinburgh and London will be required.  The successful candidate for this role will need to be Enhanced DBS checked and prove they have the right to work in the UK.

To apply, please click on this link and send your CV, together with a cover letter detailing why you believe you are suitable for this role, providing examples of how you meet the job profile when you apply through our recruitment portal.

The closing date for applications is Friday 23rd May 2025, 5.00pm.  Interviews will be held on 24th - 26th June 2025.

A copy of the Fund’s Candidate Privacy Notice can be found on our website. As an equal opportunities employer, the Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund is committed to the equal treatment of all current and prospective employees and does not condone discrimination on the basis of age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, pregnancy and maternity, race or ethnicity, religion or belief, gender identity, or marriage and civil partnership. The Fund takes safeguarding seriously, and appropriate background checks will be completed. You can find out more about our commitment to safeguarding on our website. This role requires an Enhanced DBS check. We aspire to have a diverse and inclusive workplace and strongly encourage suitably qualified applicants from a wide range of backgrounds to apply and join the Fund.

The Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund is a Registered Charity (No. 1081009).

Community Based/Home Working – West Midlands

Permanent, Full Time

Circa £30,000 plus competitive benefits

Do you want to make a difference?

The RAF Benevolent Fund is the leading welfare charity for the RAF. Every year we make a real difference to over 40,000 people who benefit from our services. Working at the Fund is more than sitting at your desk ad in this role you will have the opportunity to be part of our RAF Family.  Alongside helping our beneficiaries, we also get to hang out with Spitfires and Typhoons, take part in a Dambusters bike ride, attend events like Royal Ascot, the Chelsea Flower Show, and the Bomber Command Memorial Service. Every day you will make a difference and play your part in changing the lives of others and helping people in the RAF Family get through the toughest of times.

It doesn’t matter how long someone served or when. If they were part of the RAF, they and their family are part of our RAF Family. We will always be here to support them when they need it most.

Join the RAF Family and play your part in making a difference.

Do you want to play a part in what we do?

People are at the heart of what we do. Together we:

· Help reduce social isolation and loneliness among veterans. 

· We support ill or injured men and women to have a safe place to call home, a home that meets their specific needs.

· We fund youth services on stations to provide clubs and activities for the children of serving personnel who move every few years.

· We provide grants to help with the cost of living. But this is just a few of the ways we help.

We are seeking an individual to raise awareness of the Fund’s welfare offer amongst social welfare agencies across the West Midlands but also, crucially, to help address the issue of social isolation and feelings of loneliness experienced by some members of the RAF Family.

The post holder will be working with socially isolated individuals to identify meaningfully enriching opportunities to reduce feelings of loneliness, some of whom may have complex and challenging welfare needs, to develop actions plans and coordinate support to overcome any barriers preventing successful connection into these enriching opportunities, assisting them by identifying appropriate support from within the RAF Benevolent Fund and the wider statutory and military charity sector.

The successful candidate will have experience of working in a social welfare role supporting individuals, have strong people and relationship-building skills, as well as empathy with or understanding of the issues affecting the Armed Forces community.  Individuals with a social prescribing or working aged veteran support background are encouraged to apply.

This is a community-based position working from home covering the West Midlands, delivering both remote and face to face support, ideally you will be based in Staffordshire or Shropshire.  The candidate must have their own vehicle to use to travel around these regions.  Occasional travel to London will be required.  The successful candidate for this role will need to be Enhanced DBS checked and prove they have the right to work in the UK.

To apply, please click on this link and send your CV, together with a cover letter detailing why you believe you are suitable for this role, providing examples of how you meet the job profile when you apply through our recruitment portal.

The closing date for applications is Friday 23rd May 2025, 5.00pm.  Interviews will be held on 9th – 10th June 2025.

A copy of the Fund’s Candidate Privacy Notice can be found on our website. As an equal opportunities employer, the Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund is committed to the equal treatment of all current and prospective employees and does not condone discrimination on the basis of age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, pregnancy and maternity, race or ethnicity, religion or belief, gender identity, or marriage and civil partnership. The Fund takes safeguarding seriously, and appropriate background checks will be completed. You can find out more about our commitment to safeguarding on our website. This role requires an Enhanced DBS check. We aspire to have a diverse and inclusive workplace and strongly encourage suitably qualified applicants from a wide range of backgrounds to apply and join the Fund.

The Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund is a Registered Charity (No. 1081009).

INDIVIDUAL GIVING AND EVENTS FUNDRAISER

OASIS HUB WATERLOO

32 hours per week (negotiable)

Two-year Fixed Term Contract

£26,737 per annum (Including London Weighting) £33,422 for 1 FTE

We are looking for a person with:

· Great character, chemistry and competency.

· Recent and proven experience in raising funds from individuals and events.

· Progressive and successful fundraising experience and approaches.

· First class team spirit and cohesion.

Is this you? Great – read on.

Oasis Hub Waterloo co-develops and co-delivers a wide range of integrated community services including a community centre, primary and secondary Academies, adult and further education opportunities, early years support, a Foodbank, advice services, a community farm, and well developed and diverse programmes for young people.

Purpose of job

This new role will lead on individual giving and events fundraising for Oasis Hub Waterloo with a focus on securing funds for Lambeth & Croydon Foodbank and our associated advice services. This will include developing our awareness and capacity to gain income from high-net-worth individuals, events and legacies.

To apply please email your CV (max of two pages) and a Supporting Statement.

Your Supporting Statement (max of two A4 pages) must share specific and relevant examples demonstrating how your qualities and experience will enable us to increase our income generation through individual giving and events.

Inspire and impress us!

Return your CV and Supporting Statement by Midday on Thursday 15th May 2025

Face to face Interviews will take place in London Waterloo Date: TBC

If you want an informal chat about this role, please visit the Oasis Charity Jobs Website. 

As part of the package, Oasis offers:

· Flexible working where possible with family friendly policies

· A non-contributory pension scheme, currently offering 7% employer contribution

· A generous holiday allowance, starting at 25 days per year (plus 8 Bank Holidays)

We actively encourage applications from people of all ethnic backgrounds and minority and underrepresented groups.

Oasis is committed to making a difference to the lives of the communities it works in, and as such you must show a willingness to demonstrate commitment to the values and behaviours which flow from the Oasis ethos. We are committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children/young people and vulnerable adults. We expect all staff to share this commitment and to undergo appropriate checks, including enhanced DBS checks. 

The successful candidate must have the right to work in the UK.

Oasis supports Equal Opportunities. Registered Charity No. 1163889

We’re recruiting a Youth Development Officer to work as part of a team to deliver The King’s Trust Team Programme in Wigan.

At Groundwork we believe that every young person should have the chance to embrace exciting opportunities. We help 16 to 25-year-olds who are unemployed or struggling to transform their lives. Many of the young people we help are in, or leaving, care. They may be facing issues such as homelessness, suffering with their mental health or have been in trouble with the police.

Our programmes give young people the practical and financial support they need to stabilise their lives. We help them develop key skills while boosting their confidence and motivation to enable them to reach their full potential.

Transform Lives: – Working as part of our team you’ll empower disadvantaged young people, helping them to create some stability in their lives, develop key skills and build their confidence.
Support communities: – You’ll be collaborating with partner agencies and community organisations to make a significant contribution to the local community.

The King’s Trust Team Programme recruits and runs regular 12-week personal development programmes for young people aged 16-25 for the chance to gain new skills, earn a qualification and meet like-minded people. Here at Groundwork we have been delivering The King’s Trust Team Programme in Wigan and Leigh for 25 years and the key aspects of the programme are:

>Taking on group community project, making a positive difference to the local community.
>Taking part in an action-packed residential trip
>Two weeks’ work experience
>Develop your English and Maths skills
>Developing interview and CV skills to ensure confidence is sky-high when participants are ready to take the next step.

This role requires a clear Enhanced DBS check.

How To Apply
For the full job description and person specification and details on how to apply, please visit our website. 

PREVIOUS APPLICANTS NEED NOT APPLY

The London Metropolitan University Students' Union is looking to grow our team of dedicated Student Advisers. Our Student Advisers support students to navigate the university’s academic regulations, offering impartial advice, supporting with written submissions and attending formal hearings in support of students. 

We are looking for someone who is a good listener, is empathic and non-judgemental and who has a genuine desire to ensure that every student has the best student experience whilst studying at London Metropolitan University. The ideal candidate will be organised and efficient, confident in working with academic regulations, and excellent at communicating complex information clearly verbally and in writing. 

We are looking for a full time adviser, but we are open to applications from those seeking either full time or part time work, for a minimum of 2.5 days per week (please state your availability in your cover letter). 

Job purpose for the role 

· To deliver a high-quality professional academic advice to students at London Metropolitan University 

· To provide independent, confidential and impartial advice and representation that has a positive impact on the experience of students 

· To ensure the advice service operates in line with best practice and that students and elected officers are well-informed on the issues affecting students 

· To support the Advocacy & Communications team in identifying and reporting on issues affecting the wider student body, providing evidence-based support for the Students’ Union’s representative work.

Application deadline: 1pm on 9th May 2025 
 
Interviews will take place on the week commencing 19th May 2025 

 
What's in it for you? 
 
Hybrid and Flexible working arrangements  
Learning and development opportunities  
27 days of annual leave plus bank holidays, office closure and sick leave  
Cycle to work scheme  
DSE assessments and eye tests  
Free access to Gym & Classes

Competitive pension contribution scheme 
Interest-free loans - Seasonal ticket and tenancy deposit loans 

Other Standard employees’ benefits 
 
At LMSU we are committed to maintaining a diverse workforce, as we understand the importance of having staff with varied lived experiences and backgrounds that reflect various needs of our student community. We welcome applications from all interested applicants, and we strongly encourage applications from people of ethnic minorities, people with disabilities, people with dependants and people who identify as LGBTQIA+. We conduct anonymous shortlisting, and ll of our interview panels have Unconscious Bias Training in order to support a fair recruitment process.

Hours: Full-time

Remuneration: Up to £72,000 (dependent on experience)

Duration: Permanent

Location: Manchester, UK (hybrid working available) with international deployment.

This position is based in the UK; applicants must have the legal right to work in the UK and provide relevant documentation upon request.

Do you have the strategic vision and leadership skills to drive fundraising growth and power humanitarian impact?

UK-Med is a frontline medical aid charity, born of the NHS and committed for over 30 years to ensuring that everyone can access the healthcare they need when crises or disasters strike.

We are seeking a Director of Fundraising to lead the strategic and operational development of our fundraising function, accelerating voluntary income growth to support the organisation’s development and expansion.

As a key member of our leadership team, you will drive a dynamic, effective fundraising programme, securing major gifts and partnerships, delivering impactful campaigns, and building strong supporter engagement. You will play a central role in ensuring our fundraising activity meets the highest standards of quality, compliance, and donor care, while contributing to the success of our overall organisational strategy.

If you are an experienced fundraising leader with a passion for humanitarian work and a proven track record of delivering significant income growth, we would love to hear from you.

We offer a competitive salary and benefits along with a friendly working environment and the opportunity to make a real difference through an important role in our humanitarian programming.

How to apply

We strongly recommend that you read the Candidate Information Pack - Director of Fundraising - April 2025 before applying for this role.

To apply, please submit a current CV and a supporting letter (2 pages) through our online jobs portal.

Your cover letter must include a detailed explanation of your suitability for this post with specific reference to the criteria in the person specification

Applications must be submitted no later than Thursday 15th May 2025

Applications for work in the UK can only be accepted from people with an existing right to work in the UK.

UK-Med is committed to safeguarding of our personnel and beneficiaries and has a zero-tolerance approach to sexual exploitation and abuse. We conduct thorough vetting before any appointment is confirmed.

UK-Med is committed to the principles of diversity, equality, and inclusion. We strive to provide an inclusive and supportive environment where employees feel respected and supported to be able to fulfil their potential.

At Toc H Newport, we offer co-produced activities, outreach services and practical support to some of the most disadvantaged individuals and families in the area, reaching over 600 individuals in 2024.Our vision is of a neighbourhood where everyone has the strong community life, emotional wellbeing and socioeconomic opportunities needed to flourish.

Our centre for service delivery is the Toc H Community Centre in Eveswell, Newport, where our offer includes our popular Stay and Play sessions for low-income families, and children’s after-school club Active Juniors. Our activities and services are incredibly popular, and we hold longstanding partnerships with local agencies and stakeholders. 

It is an exciting period of growth for Toc H Newport, with a number of new funding streams making it possible for us to reach many more families in need across Newport in 2025 and beyond. This includes a £300,000 grant from the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government’s Community Ownership Fund, allowing us to soon complete a full structural and interior renovation of our facilities.  Following a Community Asset Transfer, our space will soon triple in size, meaning we can offer more activities and services to more local people. It’s a great time to join us and become part of a dynamic, collaborative team, committed to driving positive change at a local level.

As London Programme Lead, you will play a critical role in managing and growing our impact across the capital. You will be responsible for the successful delivery of our training and employment programmes, working closely with key stakeholders, including trainees, employer partners, funders, and community organisations.

This role requires a dynamic leader with Programme management skills, an understanding of employability initiatives, a passion for social impact and knowledge and experience in safeguarding. You will have management experience and you’ll lead a team working to support our London operations.

This is a great opportunity to work for a growing social enterprise, ambitious about making a real difference to the lives of people in the local community. This is an ideal role for someone who wants to take a leadership position in a fast paced, cause-driven dynamic environment and get a diverse range of opportunities across social enterprise.

Salary £50,000 per annum | Full-time or part-time considered (minimum 3 days / 21 hours per week) | Secondments are also welcome | Fixed Term Contract to March 2026 with possibility of extension

Hybrid work model involving home and weekly office-based working in Bethnal Green.

Do you want to be at the forefront of national reforms improving access to justice for sexual violence survivors? 

Women and Girls Network (WGN) and Centre for Women’s Justice (CWJ) are seeking a motivated and experienced lawyer with feminist values who will lead on this ground-breaking work.

The successful applicant will work as part of WGN, supporting survivors of sexual violence to access high quality legal advice relating to their rights as survivors of sexual violence within the criminal justice system, challenging unjust decision-making and disproportionate data requests that violate privacy rights, and increasing the legal awareness of WGN team members by developing and delivering training.

About you

The ideal candidate will have a proven track record in criminal law or civil cases against public authorities, with a strong understanding of the impact of sexual and domestic violence. They will be self-motivated, highly organised, and capable of communicating complex legal matters clearly to diverse audiences. The candidate will also have a commitment to feminist principles and the values of WGN and CWJ, along with a deep dedication to challenging discrimination and supporting those affected by violence against women and children.

About us

Women and Girls Network (WGN) is a pan-London organisation that supports women and girls affected by all forms of gender-based violence. Our overall aim is to promote, preserve and restore the mental health and well-being of women and girls who have experienced, or are at risk of, gender-based violence, whilst working towards a society free of gender-based violence.

We do this by:

• Providing women-only holistic and seamless therapeutic services, which meet women and girls’ needs and contribute to total and sustainable recovery from the experiences of violence.
• Evidencing the impact of gender-based violence and presenting this information in appropriate forums to affect social change in attitudes towards, and responses to, gender-based violence.
• Developing good practice in the sector by providing training and guidance on specialist service provision and the development of culturally appropriate service delivery.

How to apply

Please visit our website for more information and to download an application form. Completed applications, equal opportunities monitoring forms and a copy of your CV should be submitted by 9am on Tuesday 27th May 2025.

Interviews are expected to take place on 10th June 2025, however, please note that dates may be subject to change.

Further Information

This post is subject to satisfactory references, DBS check, and social media check. 

WGN’s employee benefits include: 3% pension contribution, enhanced leave entitlement, and an Employee Assistance Programme. We also provide clinical supervision, access to an ongoing CPD programme, and the opportunity to work in a leading multi-cultural feminist organisation. 

We welcome and encourage applications from women of all backgrounds. We particularly welcome applications from Black, Asian and and Global Majority women. 

WGN is an equal opportunities employer.

The above post is exempt under the Equality Act 2010, Schedule 9, Part 1.