Charity researcher volunteer roles

OVERVIEW

Ditch the Label is a global young people’s organisation that helps young people thrive in an increasingly complex digital world. 

We combine research, education and direct support to ensure young people are able to navigate the digital world safely and confidently. We work alongside young people giving them opportunities to take the lead on issues that matter to them, including identifying the challenges we address and helping to shape the solutions.

This is a rare opportunity to shape the governance of an organisation at an inflection point. We have strong funder relationships, an ambitious international growth plan, and a mission that has never mattered more. Every day, millions of young people navigate online bullying, harassment and digital harm. Ditch the Label exists to change that. 

WHO WE ARE AND WHAT WE DO

1. RESEARCH - We generate high-quality, youth-led insights to better understand the issues shaping young people’s lives. Our reports inform our programmes and policy work to ensure they are evidence-based and effective.

2. EDUCATION - We work with educators and young people to promote positive online practice, and provide solutions when challenges arise. We deliver this through our school membership programme of training, resources and support

3. SUPPORT - We provide free, confidential support to young people through online communities, one-to-one mentoring and therapeutic services. Delivered by our team of psychologists, counsellors and psychotherapists, our support helps young people feel seen, heard, overcome challenges and access the tools they need to thrive

TIME COMMITMENT

Approximately two days per month, including quarterly board meetings, catch ups with the CEO every two weeks, and occasional representation of the charity externally.

WHAT YOU WILL DO

• Lead the board in overseeing strategy, financial sustainability and risk, while giving the executive team room to execute

• Champion good governance without stifling pace, helping Ditch the Label move fast and responsibly as it grows

• Represent Ditch the Label to funders, partners and stakeholders, opening doors as the organisation expands into new markets

• Support recruitment and development of a high-calibre, diverse board

• Ensure the voice of young people remains central to every governance decision

WHO WE ARE LOOKING FOR

• Experience at Senior leadership or board-level, ideally including chairing or co-chairing a board

• A genuine passion for young people's safety, wellbeing or digital rights

• Comfort with ambiguity and pace; we are a growing organisation

• Confidence to challenge constructively and hold the executive to account, paired with the generosity to support them

• Experience of international or multi-market growth is a strong plus

Please send an initial expression of interest setting out what you would bring the Ditch the Label, along with your CV.

We look forward to hearing from you! 

Ditch the Label is committed to equality of opportunity and building a team and trustee board that reflects the diversity of the people we serve. We actively welcome applications from individuals of all backgrounds, including those with lived experience of online harms, bullying, mental health or any of the issues central to our work.

Cats Protection is the UK’s leading feline welfare charity and our vision is a world where every cat is treated with kindness and an understanding of its needs. As a charity we are able to help thousands of cats each year thanks to the generous donations we receive from members of the public.

Our fundraising team leaders have the exciting and varied role of inspiring our fundraising volunteers to plan and deliver local fundraising events. Using their passion and imagination, they oversee a small team of fundraising volunteers who come together to raise the vital funds needed to cover costs such as veterinary bills and food. Our fundraising team leaders support their team of volunteers in all aspects of their roles, making sure our volunteers are happy, confident and supported. Activities include:

· Supporting and encouraging a team of fundraising volunteers

· Planning fundraising events and activities with your team

· Allocating tasks before and during fundraising events

· Keeping financial records from fundraising events

· Encouraging and promoting a professional image of Cats Protection 

· Following policies and guidelines and ensuring licences and permits are obtained for events

You will develop new skills, expand your knowledge and make a significant contribution to improving the lives of cats and kittens by helping raise funds and awareness through organising local events. You will also meet new people, make new friends and be part of a dedicated team of volunteers. You will be supported and guided from our National Cat Centre and through our regional and local volunteer groups and teams. We offer engaging online and face-to-face training, expenses and have policies and processes to help volunteers get the most out of their time with us.

We're looking for someone with the following:

· Great people skills and the ability to bring out the best in others

· Excellent organisational skills

· The ability to prioritise and delegate

· An appreciation of the importance of handling money and charity resources responsibly

· Fine-tuned communication skills and a passion for engaging with people within your local community

· Basic IT skills to use Cats Protection systems - training and support can be provided

· Committee volunteers need to be aged 18+

Our fundraising team leaders usually spend three to four hours per week in this role, which is flexible and can be shared by more than one volunteer if needed.

The wellbeing of our people is important and at Cats Protection we are committed to safeguarding children, adults at risk and all those that we come into contact with as part of our activities.

Cats Protection is the UK’s leading feline welfare charity and our vision is a world where every cat is treated with kindness and an understanding of its needs. As a charity we are able to help thousands of cats each year thanks to the generous donations we receive from members of the public.

Our fundraising team leaders have the exciting and varied role of inspiring our fundraising volunteers to plan and deliver local fundraising events. Using their passion and imagination, they oversee a small team of fundraising volunteers who come together to raise the vital funds needed to cover costs such as veterinary bills and food. Our fundraising team leaders support their team of volunteers in all aspects of their roles, making sure our volunteers are happy, confident and supported. Activities include:

· Supporting and encouraging a team of fundraising volunteers

· Planning fundraising events and activities with your team

· Allocating tasks before and during fundraising events

· Keeping financial records from fundraising events

· Encouraging and promoting a professional image of Cats Protection 

· Following policies and guidelines and ensuring licences and permits are obtained for events

You will develop new skills, expand your knowledge and make a significant contribution to improving the lives of cats and kittens by helping raise funds and awareness through organising local events. You will also meet new people, make new friends and be part of a dedicated team of volunteers. You will be supported and guided from our National Cat Centre and through our regional and local volunteer groups and teams. We offer engaging online and face-to-face training, expenses and have policies and processes to help volunteers get the most out of their time with us.

We're looking for someone with the following:

· Great people skills and the ability to bring out the best in others

· Excellent organisational skills

· The ability to prioritise and delegate

· An appreciation of the importance of handling money and charity resources responsibly

· Fine-tuned communication skills and a passion for engaging with people within your local community

· Basic IT skills to use Cats Protection systems - training and support can be provided

· Committee volunteers need to be aged 18+

Our fundraising team leaders usually spend three to four hours per week in this role, which is flexible and can be shared by more than one volunteer if needed.

The wellbeing of our people is important and at Cats Protection we are committed to safeguarding children, adults at risk and all those that we come into contact with as part of our activities.

A bit about this role

As a charity we can continue to help cats and kittens in need thanks to the donations we receive at fundraising events from generous members of the public. Our fundraising event helpers have the exciting and varied role of helping at local fundraising events - such as cakes sales, barn dances, quiz nights – and everything in between!
 

You can expect us to

• make you feel welcome, included and respected in line with our values and behaviours
• support you in having a positive and impactful experience at Cats Protection
• cover agreed out-of-pocket expenses in line with our Expenses Policy
• provide you with access to learning, development and engagement opportunities

What we need from you

• help set up and/or man stalls at events
• help on collection days like supermarket collections events or street collections
• help at fundraising events such as quiz nights, cake sales and dances
• promoting a professional image of Cats Protection at events

Time expectation

This role is really flexible! You could choose to volunteer at one event for a couple of hours or attend multiple fundraising events.

We’ll keep you up to date with upcoming local events where volunteers are needed. You’ll then be able to choose which events you’d like to volunteer at and how many hours you’d like to give. However much time you can give, your contribution will help raise much needed funds to continue the work of Cats Protection.

You may be just the volunteer we've been looking for!

We are committed to building a diverse, compassionate and inclusive organisation where everyone can be themselves and do their best. We are courageous and compassionate in our purpose of helping people see the world through cats’ eyes. Together, we can make a difference. Together, we are all for cats. Join the UK’s leading cat welfare charity and help make a better life for cats, because life is better with cats.

About Us

The Women & Families Resource Centre (WFRC) is a registered charity based in Wolverhampton that supports, empowers, and advocates for women and children.

We aim to encourage women to become self-reliant by helping them identify their needs, make informed choices, and create their own solutions. Our services include a baby bank, a charity shop, and a range of community support initiatives for women facing crises or challenging circumstances.

About the Role

We are looking for an organised and proactive Human Resources Administrator (On-site Volunteer) to support recruitment and administrative tasks within our team.

This is an excellent opportunity for someone looking to gain hands-on, real-world experience in HR, recruitment, and coordination while working in a supportive and purpose-driven environment.

Key Responsibilities

• Assist in posting volunteer and team role advertisements

• Screen applications and shortlist suitable candidates

• Coordinate interview schedules with hiring managers

• Conduct initial screening calls (if assigned)

• Maintain applicant tracking sheets and recruitment records

• Support onboarding processes, including documentation and system access

• Ensure new volunteers receive SOPs and onboarding materials

• Follow structured recruitment workflows

• Provide weekly recruitment updates to the Online Business Manager

Commitment

• Minimum 12 hours per week

• Consistent availability and communication required

What You’ll Gain

• Practical experience in HR and recruitment processes

• Exposure to screening, onboarding, and coordination tasks

• Development of communication and organisational skills

• Valuable experience to strengthen your CV

• Opportunity to contribute to a meaningful community cause

Who We’re Looking For

• Organised, reliable, and detail-oriented individuals

• Strong written and verbal communication skills

• Comfortable using tools such as Google Sheets and Google Drive

• Interest in HR, recruitment, or administration

(Previous experience is a plus, but not essential)

Why Volunteer With Us?

This role is ideal for individuals looking to gain practical HR experience, develop professional skills, and contribute to a meaningful cause while supporting a growing charity.

Apply Now

If you’re looking to build your experience in HR while making a difference, we’d love to hear from you.

Cards for Bravery is a charity dedicated to improving the emotional wellbeing of hospitalised, seriously ill and chronically ill children and young people across the UK. We provide a range of services including the distribution of items such as handmade cards, activity packs, care packages and other initiatives designed to bring comfort, connection and support during difficult times.

As we continue to grow, we're looking for an enthusiastic and proactive Community Outreach Volunteer to help build meaningful relationships and partnerships with businesses, schools, community groups and other organisations.

This role is ideal for someone who enjoys connecting with people and building relationships. Working closely with the Founder and the wider team, you'll help raise awareness of Cards for Bravery, develop new and existing partnerships and inspire communities across the UK to support our mission.

A DBS Check will be required for this role, completed by the charity.

Candidates must hold a relevant laptop/tablet or other IT device to complete this role.

Any relevant expenses will be reimbursed.

An ideal match:

• Someone who is friendly and confident

• Someone with great communication and relationship building skills.

• Someone who is confident working independently while also collaborating with a remote team.

• Someone who is passionate about making a difference to children and young people.

• Someone who enjoys networking and spotting opportunities.

• Basic computer skills - such as email and spreadsheets

• Experience in fundraising, partnerships, or community engagement is desirable but not essential.

The role will include activities such as:

• Researching and building relationships with businesses, schools, universities and community groups.

• Identifying and developing opportunities for fundraising, sponsorship, donations and corporate volunteering.

• Encouraging organisations to support the charity through partnerships, fundraising and volunteering.

• Promoting Cards for Bravery within local communities to help raise awareness of our work and mission.

• Supporting applications for Charity of the Year partnerships and other community partnership opportunities.

• Maintaining records of partnerships and helping track opportunities and communications.

• Working alongside the charity to develop new ideas for community engagement and long term partnerships.

Benefits:

• Flexible volunteering that fits around your existing commitments.

• Gain valuable experience in community engagement, partnership development, networking and the charity sector.

• We are committed to being flexible and inclusive, particularly for volunteers who are chronically ill, disabled or have other circumstances that may require adjustments.

• Join a friendly, supportive and passionate team making a real difference to children and families across the UK.

Thank you for your interest in becoming a volunteer for Cards for Bravery! It is a unique and fun way to make a difference. 

Shortlisted candidates will be contacted within the next few weeks with further information on informal interviews.

Online Sales Volunteer (Vinted & eBay)

Help turn donated treasures into vital funds for our charity!

We are looking for an enthusiastic and trustworthy volunteer to support our online sales through Vinted and eBay. If you enjoy spotting valuable items, researching prices, taking photos or have an interest in online selling, this could be a rewarding role for you.

What you’ll be doing

You’ll help us raise extra funds by preparing and listing donated items for sale online.

Tasks may include:

• Identifying suitable donated items for online sale
• Preparing and presenting items for listing
• Taking clear, appealing photographs
• Researching pricing and helping value items
• Creating listings on Vinted and eBay
• Monitoring and assisting with online sales activity
• Packing sold items ready for posting
• Taking parcels to local drop-off points
• Helping maximise income from donated goods

We’re looking for someone who:

• Is trustworthy, reliable and enthusiastic
• Has good attention to detail
• Is comfortable using online platforms or willing to learn
• Enjoys researching and practical tasks
• Has an interest in online selling and fundraising
• Can work independently and use initiative
• Has experience with Vinted, eBay or similar selling platforms (beneficial, but not essential)

Time commitment

• Shifts are usually 10am–1pm or 1pm–4pm

Regular weekly volunteering preferred, with some flexibility available.

Cats Protection is the UK’s leading feline welfare charity and our vision is a world where every cat is treated with kindness and an understanding of its needs. As a charity we are able to help thousands of cats each year thanks to the generous donations we receive from members of the public.

Our fundraising team leaders have the exciting and varied role of inspiring our fundraising volunteers to plan and deliver local fundraising events. Using their passion and imagination, they oversee a small team of fundraising volunteers who come together to raise the vital funds needed to cover costs such as veterinary bills and food. Our fundraising team leaders support their team of volunteers in all aspects of their roles, making sure our volunteers are happy, confident and supported. Activities include:

· Supporting and encouraging a team of fundraising volunteers

· Planning fundraising events and activities with your team

· Allocating tasks before and during fundraising events

· Keeping financial records from fundraising events

· Encouraging and promoting a professional image of Cats Protection 

· Following policies and guidelines and ensuring licences and permits are obtained for events

You will develop new skills, expand your knowledge and make a significant contribution to improving the lives of cats and kittens by helping raise funds and awareness through organising local events. You will also meet new people, make new friends and be part of a dedicated team of volunteers. You will be supported and guided from our National Cat Centre and through our regional and local volunteer groups and teams. We offer engaging online and face-to-face training, expenses and have policies and processes to help volunteers get the most out of their time with us.

We're looking for someone with the following:

· Great people skills and the ability to bring out the best in others

· Excellent organisational skills

· The ability to prioritise and delegate

· An appreciation of the importance of handling money and charity resources responsibly

· Fine-tuned communication skills and a passion for engaging with people within your local community

· Basic IT skills to use Cats Protection systems - training and support can be provided

· Committee volunteers need to be aged 18+

Our fundraising team leaders usually spend three to four hours per week in this role, which is flexible and can be shared by more than one volunteer if needed.

The wellbeing of our people is important and at Cats Protection we are committed to safeguarding children, adults at risk and all those that we come into contact with as part of our activities.

A bit about this role

As a charity we can continue to help cats and kittens in need thanks to the donations we receive at fundraising events from generous members of the public. Our fundraising event helpers have the exciting and varied role of helping at local fundraising events - such as cakes sales, barn dances, quiz nights – and everything in between!
 

You can expect us to

• make you feel welcome, included and respected in line with our values and behaviours
• support you in having a positive and impactful experience at Cats Protection
• cover agreed out-of-pocket expenses in line with our Expenses Policy
• provide you with access to learning, development and engagement opportunities

What we need from you

• help set up and/or man stalls at events
• help on collection days like supermarket collections events or street collections
• help at fundraising events such as quiz nights, cake sales and dances
• promoting a professional image of Cats Protection at events

Time expectation

This role is really flexible! You could choose to volunteer at one event for a couple of hours or attend multiple fundraising events.

We’ll keep you up to date with upcoming local events where volunteers are needed. You’ll then be able to choose which events you’d like to volunteer at and how many hours you’d like to give. However much time you can give, your contribution will help raise much needed funds to continue the work of Cats Protection.

You may be just the volunteer we've been looking for!

We are committed to building a diverse, compassionate and inclusive organisation where everyone can be themselves and do their best. We are courageous and compassionate in our purpose of helping people see the world through cats’ eyes. Together, we can make a difference. Together, we are all for cats. Join the UK’s leading cat welfare charity and help make a better life for cats, because life is better with cats.

Become a Fundraisng Team Leader Volunter!

The difference you will make to cats and people

As a charity we are able to help thousands of cats each year thanks to the generous donations we receive from members of the public. Our fundraising team leaders have the exciting and varied role of inspiring our fundraising volunteers to plan and deliver local fundraising events. Using their passion and imagination, they oversee a small team of fundraising volunteers who come together to raise the vital funds needed to cover costs such as veterinary bills and food. Our fundraising team leaders support their team of volunteers in all aspects of their roles, making sure our volunteers are happy, confident and supported.

You can expect us to

• make you feel welcome, included and respected in line with our values and behaviours
• support you in having a positive and impactful experience at Cats Protection
• cover agreed out-of-pocket expenses in line with our Expenses Policy
• provide you with access to learning, development and engagement opportunities

What we need from you

You'll be:

• supporting and encouraging a team of fundraising volunteers
• planning fundraising events and activities with your team
• allocating tasks before and during fundraising events
• keeping financial records from fundraising events
• encouraging and promoting a professional image of Cats Protection
• following policies and guidelines and ensuring licences and permits are obtained for events

Time expectation

Our fundraising team leaders usually spend three to four hours per week in this role, which is flexible and can be shared by more than one volunteer if needed.

You may be just the volunteer we've been looking for!

We are committed to building a diverse, compassionate and inclusive organisation where everyone can be themselves and do their best. We are courageous and compassionate in our purpose of helping people see the world through cats’ eyes. Together, we can make a difference. Together, we are all for cats. Join the UK’s leading cat welfare charity and help make a better life for cats, because life is better with cats.

A bit about this role

As a charity we can continue to help cats and kittens in need thanks to the donations we receive at fundraising events from generous members of the public. Our fundraising event helpers have the exciting and varied role of helping at local fundraising events - such as cakes sales, barn dances, quiz nights – and everything in between!

You can expect us to

• make you feel welcome, included and respected in line with our values and behaviours
• support you in having a positive and impactful experience at Cats Protection
• cover agreed out-of-pocket expenses in line with our Expenses Policy
• provide you with access to learning, development and engagement opportunities

What we need from you

• help set up and/or man stalls at events
• help on collection days like supermarket collections events or street collections
• help at fundraising events such as quiz nights, cake sales and dances
• promoting a professional image of Cats Protection at events

Time expectation

This role is really flexible! You could choose to volunteer at one event for a couple of hours or attend multiple fundraising events.

We’ll keep you up to date with upcoming local events where volunteers are needed. You’ll then be able to choose which events you’d like to volunteer at and how many hours you’d like to give. However much time you can give, your contribution will help raise much needed funds to continue the work of Cats Protection.

You may be just the volunteer we've been looking for!

We are committed to building a diverse, compassionate and inclusive organisation where everyone can be themselves and do their best. We are courageous and compassionate in our purpose of helping people see the world through cats’ eyes. Together, we can make a difference. Together, we are all for cats. Join the UK’s leading cat welfare charity and help make a better life for cats, because life is better with cats.

A bit about this role

As a charity we can continue to help cats and kittens in need thanks to the donations we receive at fundraising events from generous members of the public. Our fundraising event helpers have the exciting and varied role of helping at local fundraising events - such as cakes sales, barn dances, quiz nights – and everything in between!

You can expect us to

• make you feel welcome, included and respected in line with our values and behaviours
• support you in having a positive and impactful experience at Cats Protection
• cover agreed out-of-pocket expenses in line with our Expenses Policy
• provide you with access to learning, development and engagement opportunities

What we need from you

• help set up and/or man stalls at events
• help on collection days like supermarket collections events or street collections
• help at fundraising events such as quiz nights, cake sales and dances
• promoting a professional image of Cats Protection at events

Time expectation

This role is really flexible! You could choose to volunteer at one event for a couple of hours or attend multiple fundraising events.

We’ll keep you up to date with upcoming local events where volunteers are needed. You’ll then be able to choose which events you’d like to volunteer at and how many hours you’d like to give. However much time you can give, your contribution will help raise much needed funds to continue the work of Cats Protection.

You may be just the volunteer we've been looking for!

We are committed to building a diverse, compassionate and inclusive organisation where everyone can be themselves and do their best. We are courageous and compassionate in our purpose of helping people see the world through cats’ eyes. Together, we can make a difference. Together, we are all for cats. Join the UK’s leading cat welfare charity and help make a better life for cats, because life is better with cats.

Our charity funds around £100 million of research each year into all heart and circulatory diseases and the things that cause them. Heart diseases. Stroke. Vascular dementia. Diabetes. They're all connected, and they're all under our microscope.  Our volunteers help us fund lifesaving science to improve the lives of families and loved ones living with heart and circulatory disease. Volunteering with us is easy, flexible, and inclusive. If you can spare a few hours a week, or a couple of hours occasionally, we’d love you to join our volunteer team. 

Could you be the friendly face of your local British Heart Foundation shop? With support around you and full training provided, you will be processing sales through the till as a volunteer cashier, talking to customers and thanking every donor - helping us continue to fund life saving research. This is a customer focussed role where you will meet and interact with a wide range of people.  

Just so you know, we are unable to accept volunteers aged under 17 or with unspent criminal convictions. Please note this is an unpaid voluntary position in a friendly charity shop.  

Typical tasks include:

• Engaging with customers and serving them in a helpful and friendly way
• Answering questions from customer, donors and supporters
• Communicating with fellow volunteers about what has sold and needs re-stocking
• Honing your retail and cashier skills behind the till and taking payments
• Helping with administration and reception duties around the till area
• Promoting Gift Aid and sales campaigns

Volunteering with British Heart Foundation comes with plenty of benefits too… 

• A 25% discount on donated goods and 10% discount on New Goods in our shops
• Unlimited, free, and confidential support by Retail Trust
• Access to training and development 
• Reasonable travel expenses reimbursed 
• Refreshments available  
• Volunteer certificates, references and long service awards provided
• Access to discounts with other retailers 

Help us keep our food charity running smoothly. Are you organised, reliable and interested in gaining practical experience in the charity sector?

We're looking for a Volunteer Administrative Support Assistant to join our team for ideally a 6-month placement. This is a great opportunity to develop your administrative and organisational skills while supporting a charity working to reduce food waste, tackle food poverty and support our local community. You don't need extensive administrative experience. We're looking for someone who is enthusiastic, willing to learn and keen to contribute to a meaningful organisation. As Volunteer Administrative Support Intern, you'll provide essential support across the charity's day-to-day operations. 

The role is remote with the opportunity to come into our Brixton office. You will work closely with charity staff to collaborate with other organisations and prepare for upcoming projects in 2027. We are looking for someone to work 9 to 5 hours for 2-3 days a week.

Who we are:

Founded in 2018, Compliments of The House (CoTH) began by collecting surplus cooked food from Brixton Village and surrounding areas, and redistributing it free to people in need. From our local hubs we served our guests, and also ran our ‘Back to Work’ and ‘Care Leaver’ schemes. 

During the COVID-19 lockdown, we could not host our guests in our hub. So we launched a temporary grocery delivery scheme supported by local council school buses, which gained recognition from the Prime Minister due to its impact. 

Since then, we have found a new venture to channel our commitments to reducing the environmental impact within hospitality whilst nourishing people through food. We are so lucky to have many vibrant and diverse festivals locally and across the UK, which produce a whopping 400 tonnes in food waste every year! We’re taking on the challenge to reduce that waste and use it to nourish those in need. 

We’re looking for someone:

• Comfortable with emails and Google Drive or Microsoft programmes

• Who has an understanding of GDPR, able to maintain confidentiality in line with data protection

• Happy to pitch in on varied tasks and projects

• With excellent written communication skills, basic numeracy and computer skills

• Organised and reliable, someone who can manage their own work and time

• Passionate about sustainability, reducing food waste or supporting communities

• Eager to learn and contribute new ideas

Responsibilities:

• General administrative duties, e.g. data entry, managing emails and Google Drive documents/ records, updating spreadsheets and organisational records 

• Handling sensitive information such as personal data and charity finances (receipts, funding etc.)

• Supporting organising for our campaigns, sourcing equipment, recruiting volunteers

• Adapting, editing, drafting, updating and designing materials/literature

• Research background material for projects 

• Take part in meetings with external organisations involved in our projects and taking meeting minutes

What You'll Gain

• Experience with administration and communications for a growing charity

• Experience in events planning and recruiting/ organising volunteers

• Training, support and regular feedback

• Strong understanding of what is involved in organising and running charity operations

• A professional reference on successful completion of the placement

• The opportunity to make a genuine difference by helping reduce food waste and improve access to nutritious food

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion

We are committed to creating an inclusive and welcoming organisation. We encourage applications from people of all backgrounds, identities and lived experiences. 

How to Apply

Please send us:

• Your CV

• A short statement (up to 300 words) explaining why you'd like to volunteer with us and what you hope to gain from the placement